2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ (1)

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂ (2)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Al và Mg lần lượt là \(x,y\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+y=0,4\\27x+24y=7,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo PT1: \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\times133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)

Theo PT2: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\times95=9,5\left(g\right)\)

Đáp án A

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,8\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,8\cdot36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}=36,2\left(g\right)\)

PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m_KL + m_HCl = m _muối + m_H2

⇒ m _muối = 7,8 + 0,8.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 36,2 (g)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

nH2=0,4(mol)

Đặt nAl, nFe lần lượt là a,b (a,b>0)

PTHH: 2Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 +3 H2

a_____3a_________a______1,5a(mol)

Mg +2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

b__2b______b_____b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mAlCl3= 0,1.95+0,2.133,5=36,2(g)

Chúc em học tốt!

\(n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8.96}{22.4}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.4\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(m_{Muối}=m_{ZnCl_2}+m_{AlCl_3}=136a+133.5b=40.3\left(g\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)

\(m_{hh}=0.1\cdot65+0.2\cdot27=11.9\left(g\right)\)

\(\%Zn=\dfrac{0.1\cdot65}{11.9}\cdot100\%=54.62\%\)

\(\%Al=100-54.62=45.38\%\)

a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác:

PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)

_______a--------------->a_________(mol)

\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)

_b----------------->b______________(mol)

\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)

_c------------------>c______________(mol)

=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)

(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Coi hỗn hợp kim loại trên là R có hóa trị n

\(4R + nO_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2R_2O_n\\ m_{O_2} = 17-10,2 = 6,8(gam) \Rightarrow n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,8}{32} = 0,2125(mol)\\ n_R = \dfrac{4}{n}n_{O_2} = \dfrac{0,85}{n}(mol)\\ 2R + 2nHCl \to 2RCl_n + nH_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{n}{2}n_R = 0,425(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V = 0,425.22,4 = 9,52(lít)\\ n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,85(mol)\\ \text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\\ m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 10,2 + 0,85.36,5 - 0,425.2 = 40,375(gam)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H_2\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H2}=\frac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

BTKL: m kim loại+ mHCl= m muối+mH2

\(\rightarrow7,8+0,8.36,5=m_{muoi}+0,4.2\)

\(\rightarrow m_{muoi}=36,2\left(g\right)\)

\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

\(0.2.................0.1...........0.1...........0.1\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng : 

\(m_{O_2}=37.92-34.72=3.2\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3.2}{32}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{KMnO_4\left(dư\right)}=37.92-0.2\cdot158=6.32\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{K_2MnO_4}=0.1\cdot197=19.7\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MnO_2}=0.1\cdot87=8.7\left(g\right)\)

\(b.\)

Để hỗn hợp nổ mạnh nhất thì H₂ phản ứng với O₂ theo tỉ lệ 2 : 1 

\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2H_2O\)

\(0.2......0.1\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(\dfrac{2}{15}...........................0.2\)

\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{15}\cdot27=3.6\left(g\right)\)