Bài 2: 

a: \(3x^2-3xy=3x\left(x-y\right)\)

b: \(x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)

c: \(3x-3y+xy-y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+y\right)\)

d: \(x^2-y^2+2y-1=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)

ỳtct7ct7c7c7t79tc9

\(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}=-0.5,y=\dfrac{5}{4}=1.25\\x=2,y=\dfrac{7}{2}=3.5\)

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(4y+2\right)=-30\)

mà \(x,y\)là số nguyên nên \(2x-1,4y+2\)là các ước của \(30\)và \(4y+2\)là số chẵn, \(2x-1\)là số lẻ nên ta có bảng giá trị sau: 

a, \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3,2y-6\in Z\\x-3,2y-6\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy không có x,y thỏa mãn đề bài 

b, tương tự câu a

 \(c,xy-5x+2y=7\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2y-10=-3\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2\left(y-5\right)=-3\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y-5\right)=-3\)

Rồi làm tương tự câu a

\(d,xy-3x-4y=5\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4y+12=17\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4\left(y-3\right)=17\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)=17\)

Rồi làm tương tự câu a

\(\dfrac{x}{-3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\)⇒\(\dfrac{x}{-6}=\dfrac{y}{10}\)

\(\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{7}\)⇒\(\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{35}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{x}{-6}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{35}\)

⇒\(\dfrac{2x}{-12}=\dfrac{3y}{30}=\dfrac{z}{35}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{2x}{-12}=\dfrac{3y}{30}=\dfrac{z}{35}=\dfrac{2x-3y+z}{-12-30+35}=\dfrac{42}{-7}=-6\)

⇒\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-6.-6=36\\y=-6.10=-60\\z=-6.35=-210\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,\dfrac{x}{-3}=\dfrac{y}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{-6}=\dfrac{y}{10};\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{7}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{35}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{-6}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{35}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{-6}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{35}=\dfrac{2x}{-12}=\dfrac{3y}{30}=\dfrac{2x-3y+z}{-12-30+35}=\dfrac{42}{-7}=-6\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=36\\y=-60\\z=-210\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,6x=4y=z\Rightarrow\dfrac{6x}{12}=\dfrac{4y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{12}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{12}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{12}=\dfrac{2x}{4}=\dfrac{3y}{9}=\dfrac{2x-3y+z}{4-9+12}=\dfrac{42}{7}=6\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=18\\z=72\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,x=-2y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{-2}=y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{-4}=\dfrac{y}{2}\\ 7y=2z\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{7}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{-4}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{7}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{-4}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{z}{7}=\dfrac{2x}{-8}=\dfrac{3y}{6}=\dfrac{2x-3y+z}{-8+6+7}=\dfrac{42}{5}\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{168}{5}\\y=\dfrac{84}{5}\\z=\dfrac{294}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tìm x,y thuộc Z

(2x - 1) x (4y + 2) = -30

\(\Rightarrow\)2x-1=-30 và 4y+2=-30

\(\Rightarrow\)x=-14,5 và y=-8

Vậy x=-14,5 và y=-8

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(4y+2\right)=-30\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1;4y+2\inƯ\left(-30\right)\)

Ta có các trường hợp :

+) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=1\\4y+2=-30\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)

+) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=2\\4y+2=-15\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}\\-\dfrac{13}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(loại\right)\)

+) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=3\\4y+2=-10\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

v....v.....

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=5y\\x-y=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-5x=0\\x-y=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-5y=0\\2x-2y=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y=18\\2x-2y=18\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{4y}{7}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{1,5}=\dfrac{y}{1,75}\)

Áp dụng tỉ số của dãy số bằng nhau, ta có: \(\dfrac{x+y}{1,5+1,75}=\dfrac{39}{3,25}=12\)

\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=12\Rightarrow x=18\)

\(\dfrac{4y}{7}=12\Rightarrow y=21\)