1 which is launched from Florida on 11 April 1970

2 which was designed to land on the moon

3 who were chosen for the mission

4 which explained how they lived and worked in zero gravity

5 which contained oxygen

6 who noticed a red warning light

7 which floated 320000 km from Earth

² which was designed to hold only two people

=> designed to hold only two people

(được thiết kế để chỉ chứa hai người)

³ who had been following instructions from the ground crew

=> following instructions from the ground crew

(làm theo hướng dẫn của nhân viên mặt đất)

⁴ who were working 24 hours a day

=> working 24 hours a day

(làm việc 24 giờ một ngày)

⁵ which was discussed on all the TV news programmes

=> discussed on all the TV news programmes

(được thảo luận trên tất cả các chương trình tin tức truyền hình)

⁶ who were risking their lives

=> risking their lives

(mạo hiểm tính mạng của họ)

⁷ who were trying to save them

=> trying to save them

(cố gắng cứu họ)

The Apollo 13 mission is often described as a 'successful failure' because while the mission did not achieve its primary goal of landing on the moon, the mission became a triumph of human ingenuity and teamwork in the face of crisis. Despite the explosion that damaged the spacecraft and the many challenges faced by the crew and the ground crew during the mission, all three astronauts returned safely to Earth, thanks to the remarkable efforts of everyone involved.

(Sứ mệnh Apollo 13 thường được mô tả là một "thất bại thành công" bởi vì mặc dù sứ mệnh không đạt được mục tiêu chính là hạ cánh trên mặt trăng, nhưng sứ mệnh này đã trở thành một chiến thắng của sự khéo léo của con người và tinh thần đồng đội khi đối mặt với khủng hoảng. Bất chấp vụ nổ làm hỏng tàu vũ trụ và nhiều thách thức mà phi hành đoàn và nhân viên mặt đất phải đối mặt trong nhiệm vụ, cả ba phi hành gia đã trở về Trái đất an toàn nhờ những nỗ lực đáng kể của mọi người tham gia.)

1 The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.

=> The word astronaut, formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.

(Từ phi hành gia, được hình thành từ hai từ tiếng Hy Lạp, có nghĩa là 'thủy thủ ngôi sao'.)

2 Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.

=> Only flights reaching an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.

(Chỉ những chuyến bay đạt độ cao từ 100 km trở lên mới được coi là chuyến bay vào vũ trụ.)

3 NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months.

=> NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme to complete after twenty months.

(Những phi hành gia của NASA được giao một chương trình huấn luyện khó khăn để hoàn thành sau hai mươi tháng.)

4 Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong.

=> Astronauts spending long periods in space do exercises designed to keep them strong.

(Các phi hành gia dành thời gian dài trong không gian để thực hiện các bài tập nhằm giúp họ khỏe mạnh.)

5 Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.

=> Spacecraft intending to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.

(Tàu vũ trụ muốn thoát khỏi lực hấp dẫn của Trái đất cần đạt tốc độ khoảng 40.000 km/h.)

6 The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.

=> The film Apollo 13, made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.

(Bộ phim Apollo 13 được sản xuất năm 1995 là một bộ phim về du hành vũ trụ rất thú vị nên xem.)

1. The path which leads=>leading to the pagoda is very narrow.

2. A competitor is someone who takes=>taking part in a competition.

3. The school which was founded=>founded 20 years ago is still there.

4. The captain was the last person who left=>to leave the sinking ship.

5. Brazil is the first team which has won=>to win the world cup three times.

6. Jim, who was shocked=>shocking at what he saw, couldn’t say a word.

7. The girl who is singing=>singing on the stage is my classmate.

8. You should choose the clothes that suit=>suited your personality.

9. I like films that have=>having happy ending.

10. Jane had a few letters that she had to type=>to type.

Rewrite the sentences,changing the relative clauses into clauses with a pressent participle,a past participle or a To-infinitive.

1. The path which leads to the pagoda is very narrow.

The path leading to the pagoda is very narrow.

2. A competitor is someone who takes part in a competition.

A competitor is someone to take part in a competition.

3. The school which was founded 20 years ago is still there.

the school founded 20 years ago is still there.

4. The captain was the last person who left the sinking ship.

The captain was the last person to leave the sinking ship.

5. Brazil is the first team which has won the world cup three times.

Brazil is the first team winning the world cup three times.

6. Jim, who was shocked at what he saw, couldn’t say a word.

Jim shocked at what he saw, couldn’t say a word.

7. The girl who is singing on the stage is my classmate.

the girl singing on the stage is my classmate.

8. You should choose the clothes that suit your personality.

You should choose the clothes to suit your personality.

9. I like films that have happy ending.

I like films having happy ending.

10. Jane had a few letters that she had to type.

Jane had a few letters to type.

1/ The road which connects the two towns is very narrow.

The road connecting the two towns is very narrow

2/ the police never found the money which was stolen in the robbery.

The police never found the money stolen in the robbery

1 Did you get the message concerned the special meeting?

2 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country

3 The rules allowing public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.

4 The children attending that school receive a good education

5 The conclusion to be presented in that book states that most of the cars

6 The fiffth man to be interviewed was completely unsuitable

7 The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with

8 I'd more interested if I had a family to have to cook for

1: Being a firefighter

2: Frightened by the forest fires

3: Flooded with water after the heavy rain

4: cutting down the local forest and destroying all the wildlife there, the farmers created new farmland

1. Being a firefighter.

2. Frightened by the forest fires.

3. Flooded with water after the heavy rain.

4. cutting down the local forest and destroying all the wildlife there, the farmers created new farmland.