cho A = \(\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99^2}\). Chứng tỏ A < \(\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Cho F = \(\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99^2}+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\). Chứng tỏ \(F< 1\dfrac{3}{4}\)
sửa đề : \(F=\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};...;\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
Cộng vế với vế
\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{99}{100}\)< 7/4
Vậy ta có đpcm
\(\text{Bài 4. Chứng tỏ rằng:}\)
\(a\)) \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{30^2}< 1\)
\(b\)) \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}>1\)
\(c\)) \(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{17}< 2\)
\(d\)) \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{29.30}< 1\)
a)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{30^2}\\ < \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{29.30}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{29}-\dfrac{1}{30}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{30}=\dfrac{29}{30}< 1\left(dpcm\right)\)
b)
\(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{1}{10}+\left(\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\\ >\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{100}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{90}{100}\\ =\dfrac{110}{100}>1\left(đpcm\right).\)
c)
\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{17}\\ =\left(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+...+\dfrac{1}{17}\right)\\ < \dfrac{1}{5}.5+\dfrac{1}{8}.8=1+1=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
d) tương tự câu 1
1/ Cho A= \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)-\(\dfrac{2}{3^2}\)+\(\dfrac{3}{3^3}\)-\(\dfrac{4}{3^4}\)+.....+\(\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}\)-\(\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\) Chứng minh A < \(\dfrac{3}{16}\)
2/ Cho B=(\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)-1)(\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)-1)....(\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)-1) So sánh B và \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
2:
\(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-99}{100}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}=\dfrac{-101}{200}< -\dfrac{100}{200}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
chứng tỏ rằng
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{99}{202}\)
\(2^2< 2.3\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}>\dfrac{1}{2.3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}>\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}>\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}\) ; ....; \(\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{100}-\dfrac{1}{101}\)
Do đó:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}-\dfrac{1}{101}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{101}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{99}{202}\)
a , cho A = \(\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{99^2}\) . Chứng minh A < \(\dfrac{7}{4}\)
b ,cho B = 21 + 22 + 23 + ... + 260 . Chứng minh B \(⋮\) 21
b.ta chia B thành 10 nhóm mỗi nhóm có 6 hạng tử \(B=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5+2^6\right)+....+\left(2^{55}+2^{56}+2^{57}+2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
\(B\text{=}2\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5\right)+...+2^{55}\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5\right)\)
\(B\text{=}2.63+...+2^{56}.63\)
\(\Rightarrow B⋮63\)
\(\Rightarrow B⋮21\)
Cho A = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^{2}}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{2^{3}}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{2^{4}}\) + ...+ \(\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\)
Chứng tỏ rằng A + \(\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\)= 1
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot2\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot2\cdot2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot2\cdot2\cdot2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\)
\(A+\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}=1\left(dpcm\right)\)
Bài 1:
a, Cho A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+....+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
Chứng tỏ: A <\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b, Cho B = \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{2^{20}}\)
Chứng tỏ B < 1
c, Cho C = \(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\)
Chứng tỏ C < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
d, Cho D = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{20^2}\)
Chứng tỏ D < 1
Giải
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{20^2}< \dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)D < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
Nhận xét: \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}=1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{1}{3.4}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4};...;\dfrac{1}{19.20}=\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) D< 1- \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< \(\dfrac{19}{20}\)<1
\(\Rightarrow\)D< 1
Vậy D=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^2}\)<1
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2.1}+\dfrac{1}{2^2.2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2.2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2.2^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{50.50}\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{50.50}< \dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\right)\)Nhận xét :
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};...;\dfrac{1}{49.50}< \dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{49}{50}\)<1
A<\(\dfrac{49}{200}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
CHo \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2020^2}\) chứng tỏ A<1
`1/2^2 < 1/(1.2)`
`1/3^3 < 1/(2.3)`
`...`
`1/(2020^2) < 1/(2019.2020)`
`=> A < 1/(1.2) + 1/(2.3) + ... + 1/(2019.2020)`
`=> A < 1/1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + ... + 1/2019 - 1/2020 < 1`.
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};...;\dfrac{1}{2020^2}< \dfrac{1}{2019.2020}\)
Vậy \(A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2019.2020}=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2020}=\dfrac{2019}{2020}< \dfrac{2020}{2020}=1\)
Cho \(S=\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{2}{5^3}+\dfrac{3}{5^4}+...+\dfrac{99}{5^{100}}\). Chứng tỏ rằng S<\(\dfrac{1}{16}\)