a) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x-1}}-\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{2}}\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2x}-x}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}}{x-\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{2}}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{2}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\right)\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{2}\right)\cdot\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{2}}{-\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{2}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{2}}{-\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}\)

b) Ta có: \(x=3-2\sqrt{2}\)

\(=2-2\cdot\sqrt{2}\cdot1+1\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2\)

Thay \(x=\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2\) vào biểu thức \(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}\), ta được: 

\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{2}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-1}\)

\(=\sqrt{2}+1\)

Vậy: Khi \(x=3-2\sqrt{2}\) thì \(P=\sqrt{2}+1\)

Lời giải:

a. \(B=\frac{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)-\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+1)}{(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x}-1)}.\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2}=\frac{x-\sqrt{x}-x-\sqrt{x}}{(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x}-1)}.\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2}=\frac{-2\sqrt{x}}{(\sqrt{x}+1)(\sqrt{x}-1)}.\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}\)

b. $B=3\Leftrightarrow \frac{\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}=3$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}=3(1-\sqrt{x})$

$\Leftrightarrow 4\sqrt{x}=3\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{9}{16}$ (tm) 

c.

Khi $x=3-2\sqrt{2}=(\sqrt{2}-1)^2\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}=\sqrt{2}-1$

Khi đó:

$B=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{1-(\sqrt{2}-1)}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-\sqrt{2}}$

Ta có : \(\sqrt{1+2+3+...+\left(n-1\right)+n+\left(n-1\right)+...+3+2+1}=\sqrt{2\left(1+2+3+...+n-1\right)+n}\)

\(=\sqrt{2\left(n-1\right).\left(n-1+1\right):2+n}=\sqrt{\left(n-1\right).n+n}=\sqrt{\left(n-1+1\right).n}=\sqrt{n^2}=n\)

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ge0\\a\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)

1) Ta có: \(N=\left(1+\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\)

\(=1-a\)

2) Để N=-2016 thì 1-a=-2016

\(\Leftrightarrow1-a+2016=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2017-a=0\)

hay a=2017(thỏa ĐK)

Vậy: Để N=-2016 thì a=2017

`M=sqrt{(3a-1)^2}+2a-3`

`=|3a-1|+2a-3`

`=3a-1+2a-3(do \ a>=1/3)`

`=5a-4`

`N=sqrt{(4-a)^2}-a+5`

`=|4-a|-a+5`

`=a-4-a+5(do \ a>4)`

`=1`

`I=sqrt{(3-2a)^2}+2-7`

`=|3-2a|-5`

`=3-2a-5(do \ a<3/2)`

`=-2-2a`

`K=(a^2-9)/4*sqrt{4/(a-2)^2}`

`=(a^2-9)/4*|2/(a-2)|`

`=(a^2-9)/(2|a-2|)`

Nếu `3>a>2=>|a-2|=a-2`

`=>K=(a^2-9)/(2(a-2))`

Nếu `a<2=>|a-2|=2-a`

`=>K=(a^2-9)/(2(2-a))`

\(M=\left|3a-1\right|+2a-3\)

Mà \(a-\dfrac{1}{3}\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow M=3a-1+2a-3=5a-4\)

\(N=\left|4-a\right|-a+5\)

Mà \(4-a< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow N=a-4-a+5=1\)

\(I=\left|3-2a\right|-5\)

Mà \(a-\dfrac{3}{2}< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow I=3-2a-5=-2a-2\)

K, Ta có : \(a-3< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow K=\dfrac{2\left(a^2-9\right)}{4\left|a-2\right|}=\dfrac{\left(a-3\right)\left(a+3\right)}{\left|2a-4\right|}\)
 

\(N=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow2N=2+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\)

\(\Rightarrow N=2N-N=2+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{99}-1-\dfrac{1}{2}-...-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{100}=2-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{100}\)

\(N=1+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{100}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{2}N=\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^4+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{101}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{2}N-N=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^4+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{101}\right)\)

               \(-\left(1+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{100}\right)\)

\(-\dfrac{1}{2}N=\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{101}-1\)

\(N=\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{101}}{-\dfrac{1}{2}}\)