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Tham khảo tại: Câu hỏi của Lương Đức Hưng - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến

Cho đa thức \(f\left(x\right)\)bậc 3 với hệ số \(x^3\)là số nguyên dương thỏa mãn:

\(f\left(2019\right)=2020;f\left(2020\right)=2021\)

CMR \(f\left(2021\right)-f\left(2018\right)\)là hợp số

Cho xin cái đề ạ

hello

\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(x+2019\right)\left(x+2020\right)}\) 

( ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne\left\{0;-1;-2;...;-2019;-2020\right\}\))

\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(x+3\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(x+2019\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(x+2020\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+2020}\)

\(=\frac{x+2020}{x\left(x+2020\right)}-\frac{x}{x\left(x+2020\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x+2020-x}{x\left(x+2020\right)}\)

\(=\frac{2020}{x\left(x+2020\right)}\)

                                                           Bài giải

\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(x+2019\right)\left(x+2020\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}-\frac{1}{x+2}+...+\frac{1}{x+2019}-\frac{1}{x+2020}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+2020}\)

\(=\frac{x+2020}{x\left(x+2020\right)}-\frac{x}{x+2020}=\frac{2020}{x\left(x+2020\right)}\)

\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(x+2019\right)\left(x+2020\right)}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}-\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{x+2}-\frac{1}{x+3}+...+\frac{1}{x+2019}-\frac{1}{x+2020}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+2020}=\frac{x+2020}{x\left(x+2020\right)}-\frac{x}{x\left(x+2020\right)}=\frac{2020}{x\left(x+2020\right)}\)

\(f\left(-1\right)=-4\Rightarrow-1+a-b+c=-4\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b+c=-3\)

\(f\left(2\right)=5\Rightarrow8+4a+2b+c=5\Rightarrow4a+2b+c=-3\)

\(\Rightarrow3a+3b=0\Rightarrow a=-b\)

\(\Rightarrow a^{2019}=-b^{2019}\Rightarrow a^{2019}+b^{2019}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow A=0\)

\(y=\dfrac{1}{3x^2-x-2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(3x+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{1}{3x+2}\)

\(y'=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.1!}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.3^1.1!}{\left(3x+2\right)^2}\)

\(y''=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.2!}{\left(x-1\right)^3}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.3^2.2!}{\left(3x+2\right)^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(n\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.n!}{\left(x-1\right)^{n+1}}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.3^n.n!}{\left(3x+2\right)^{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(2019\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.2019!}{\left(x-1\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.3^{2019}.2019!}{\left(3x+2\right)^{2019}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2019!}{5}\left(\dfrac{3^{2020}}{\left(3x+2\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)^{2020}}\right)\)

(x-2020)^{x - 1} - (x - 2020)^{x + 2019} = 0

=> (x - 2020)^{x - 1} .[(x - 2020)²⁰²⁰ - 1] = 0 

=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-2020\right)^{x-1}=0\\\left(x-2020\right)^{2020}-1=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-2020=0\\\left(x-2020\right)^{2020}=1^{2020}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x-2020=0\\x-2020=\pm1\end{cases}}}\)

=> \(x-2020\in\left\{0;1;-1\right\}\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2020;2021;2019\right\}\)

\(y=\dfrac{1}{2x^2+x-1}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{1}{2x-1}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)

\(y'=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{-2}{\left(2x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{-1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.2^1.1!}{\left(2x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.1!}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)

\(y''=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.2^2.2!}{\left(2x-1\right)^3}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.2!}{\left(x+1\right)^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(n\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.2^n.n!}{\left(2x-1\right)^{n+1}}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.n!}{\left(x+1\right)^{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(2019\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.2^{2019}.2019!}{\left(2x-1\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.2019!}{\left(x+1\right)^{2020}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2019!}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{2^{2020}}{\left(2x-1\right)^{2020}}\right)\)

\(1,\\ b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2=25\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=25\)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm do 25 ko phải tổng 2 số chính phương

\(2,\\ a,\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y^2-6y+9\right)=47\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y-3\right)^2=47\)

Mà 47 ko phải hiệu 2 số chính phương nên pt vô nghiệm

\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2=16\)

Mà 16 ko phải tổng 2 số chính phương nên pt vô nghiệm

1a. Đề lỗi

1b. 

PT $\Leftrightarrow (x+2)^2+(y-1)^2=25$

$\Leftrightarrow (x+2)^2=25-(y-1)^2\leq 25$

$(x+2)^2$ là scp không vượt quá $25$ nên có thể nhận các giá trị $0,1,4,9,16,25$

Nếu $(x+2)^2=0\Rightarrow (y-1)^2=25$

$\Rightarrow (x,y)=(-2, 6), (-2, -4)$
Nếu $(x+2)^2=1\Rightarrow (y-1)^2=24$ không là scp (loại)

Nếu $(x+2)^2=4\Rightarrow (y-1)^2=21$ không là scp (loại)

Nếu $(x+2)^2=9\Rightarrow (y-1)^2=16$

$\Rightarrow (x,y)=(1, 5), (1, -3), (-5,5), (-5, -3)$

Nếu $(x+2)^2=25\Rightarrow (y-1)^2=0$

$\Rightarrow (x,y)=(3, 1), (-7, 1)$

1c. 

Vì $x^2$ là scp nên $x^2\equiv 0,1\pmod 3$

$3(y-1)^2\equiv 0\pmod 3$

$\Rightarrow x^2+3(y-1)^2\equiv 0,1\pmod 3$

Mà $2021\equiv 2\pmod 3$
Do đó pt $x^2+3(y-1)^2=2021$ vô nghiệm

1d.

Ta thấy:

$(3x-1)^{2020}$ là scp không chia hết cho $3$ nên $(3x-1)^{2020}\equiv 1\pmod 3$

$18(y-2)^{2019}\equiv 0\pmod 3$

$\Rightarrow (3x-1)^{2020}+18(y-2)^{2019}\equiv 1\pmod 3$
Mà $2019^{2020}\equiv 0\pmod 3$
Do đó pt vô nghiệm.