Đặt \(2009-x=t\Rightarrow x-2010=-\left(2009-x\right)-1=-t-1\)
Suy ra:
\(\frac{t^2+t\left(-t-1\right)+\left(-t-1\right)^2}{t^2-t\left(-t-1\right)+\left(-t-1\right)^2}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2-t\left(t+1\right)+\left(t+1\right)^2}{t^2+t\left(t+1\right)+\left(t+1\right)^2}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2-t^2-t+t^2+2t+1}{t^2+t^2+t+t^2+2t+1}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2+t+1}{3t^2+3t+1}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49t^2+49t+49=57t^2+57t+19\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8t^2+8t-30=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4t^2+4t-15=0\Leftrightarrow4t^2+4t+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2t+1\right)^2=16\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2t+1=-4\\2t+1=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2t=-5\\2t=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-\frac{5}{2}\\t=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2009-x=-\frac{5}{2}\\2009-x=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{4023}{2}\\x=\frac{4015}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{\frac{4015}{2};\frac{4023}{2}\right\}\)
