\(a) n_P = \dfrac{18,6}{31} = 0,6(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4} = 0,9(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,15 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,18 \to O_2\ dư\\ n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,75(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,9-0,75).32 = 4,8(gam)\\ b) n_{Fe} = \dfrac{56}{56} = 1(mol)\)

\(3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ \dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3} = \dfrac{1}{3}<\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{2} = 0,45\to Fe\ cháy\ hết.\\ c)\ 2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{KMnO_4} = 2n_{O_2} = 0,9.2 = 1,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4} = 1,8.158 =284,4(gam)\)

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(m\right)\)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{48}{160}=0,3\left(m\right)\)

\(PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{ }2Fe+3H_2O\)

ta có  tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,45}{3}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}->H_2dư\)

H₂ còn lại sau phản ứng

\(n_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,15=0,15\left(m\right)\)

\(m_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,15.2=0,3\left(g\right)\)

b)\(PTHH:Zn+2HCl\underrightarrow{ }ZnCl_2+H_2\)

tỉ lệ           :1         2         1              1

số mol      :0,15    0,3      0,15         0,15

\(m_{Zn}=0,15.65=9,75\left(g\right)\)

Zn+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2

0,05-------------------------0,05

n Zn=\(\dfrac{4}{65}\) mol

n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{4,9}{98}\)=0,05 mol

=>Zn dư

m Zn=(\(\dfrac{4}{65}\)-0,05).65=0,75 g

VH2=0,05.22,4=1,12l

\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4,=4,48\left(l\right)\\ d.3H_2+Fe_2O_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O \\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,12}{1}\Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dưsauphảnứng\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{15}.56=7,467\left(g\right)\)

a) n\(Zn\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{13}{65}\)=0,2(mol)

n\(HCl\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=\)0,5(mol)

PTHH : Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)

            0,2     0,5

Lập tỉ lệ mol : \(^{\dfrac{0,2}{1}}\)<\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}\)

n\(Zn\) hết , n\(HCl\) dư

-->Tính theo số mol hết

               Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl\(2\) + H\(2\)

              0,2 ->  0,4      0,2        0,2

n\(HCl\) dư= n\(HCl\)(đề) - n\(HCl\)(pt)= 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1(mol)

m​\(HCl\) dư= 0,1.36,5 = 3,65(g)

b) m\(ZnCl2\) = n.M= 0,2.136= 27,2 (g)

c)V\(H2\)=n.22,4=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)

d) n\(Fe\)\(2\)O\(3\)=\(\dfrac{m}{M}\)=\(\dfrac{19,2}{160}\)=0,12 (mol)

 3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O

  0,2       0,12

Lập tỉ lệ mol: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}\)<\(\dfrac{0,12}{1}\)

    nH2 hết .Tính theo số mol hết

\(HCl\)

​ 3H2 +Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3H2O

0,2->                  0,2

m\(Fe\)=n.M= 0,2.56= 11,2(g)

Theo gt ta có: $n_{Mg}=0,15(mol);n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)$

$Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2$

Do đó sau phản ứng thì HCl dư 0,1(mol)

PTHH:  Mg +   2HCl →  MgCl2  + H2

b.  nMg  = 3,6 : 24 =  0,15 (mol)                           

nHCl = 14,6 : 36,5 =  0,4 (mol)

Tỉ lệ:   nMg/1<nHCl/2 ⇒ Mg hết, HCl dư

m HCl = 0,4 . 14,6 (g)

Vậy ....

Theo đề ra, ta có: 

n\(_{Mg}\)= \(\dfrac{3,6}{24}\)=0,15 (mol)

n\(_{HCl}\)=\(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}\)=0,4 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\) PTHH: Mg + 2HCl\(\rightarrow\) MgCl\(_2\) + H\(_2\)

     Mol:    0,15    0,4

So sánh: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}\)<\(\dfrac{0,4}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\) HCl dư, bài toán tính theo mol Mg.

         Mg + 2HCl\(\rightarrow\) MgCl\(_2\) + H\(_2\)

Mol: 0,15\(\rightarrow\)0,3

\(\Rightarrow\)m\(_{HCl}\)\(_{\left(dư\right)}\)= (0,4 - 0,3).36,5 = 3,65 (g)

\(a,PTHH:Fe_3O_4+4H_2\xrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol);n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{46,4}{232}=0,2(mol)\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{4}<\dfrac{n_{Fe_3O_4}}{1}\) nên \(Fe_3O_4\) dư

\(n_{Fe_3O_4(dư)}=0,2-\dfrac{0,3}{4}=0,125(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4(dư)}=0,125.232=29(g)\\ b,n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{H_2}=0,225(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,225.56=12,6(g)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow Zn.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Zn\left(p.ứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)

`n_(Zn)=m/M=(26)/65=0,4(mol)`

`n_(HCl)=m/M=(21,9)/36,5=0,6(mol)`

`PTHH:Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2 +H_2`

tỉ lệ:      1 ;     2    :  1          :     1

n(mol)   0,3<----0,6---->0,3----->0,3

\(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\left(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,6}{2}\right)\)

`=>` `Zn` dư, `HCl` hết, tính theo `HCl`

`V_(H_2)=n*22,4=0,3*22,4=6,72(l)`

`n_(Zn(dư))=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)`

`m_(Zn(dư))=n*M=0,1*65=6,5(g)`

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,625}{65}=0,025mol\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1mol\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

0,025 <  0,1                           ( mol )

0,025     0,05      0,025      0,025   ( mol )

\(V_{H_2}=0,025.22,4=0,56l\)

Chất dư là HCl

\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,1-0,05\right).36,5=1,825g\)

\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,025.136=3,4g\)