\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

        1         2             1           1

        a                                     1a

     \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

       1          2             1            1

       b                                       1b

Gọi a là số mol của Fe

      b là số mol của Mg

\(m_{Fe}+m_{Mg}=8\left(g\right)\)

⇒ \(n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}+n_{Mg}.M_{Mg}=8g\)

 ⇒ 56a + 24b = 8g (2)

Theo phương trình : 1a + 1b = 0,2(2)

Từ (1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình : 

       56a + 24b = 8g

        1a + 1b = 0,2

      ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Fe = \(\dfrac{5,6.100}{8}=70\)⁰/₀
⁰/₀Mg = \(\dfrac{2,4.100}{8}=30\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:      x                                     x

PTHH: Mg + 2HCI → MgCl₂ + H₂
Mol:      y                                      y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=8\\x+y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100\%}{8}=70\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-70=30\%\)

\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m=27a+56b=6.95\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{NO_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn e : 

\(3a+3b=0.45\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.05,b=0.1\)

\(m_{Al}=0.05\cdot27=1.35\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.1\cdot56=5.6\left(g\right)\)

a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+27b=5,1\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,5\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}=52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,2}\approx208,33\left(ml\right)\)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+64y=4,4\\BTe:2x+2y=2n_{SO_2}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,05\cdot24=1,2g\)

\(m_{Cu}=0,05\cdot64=3,2g\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{Cu}=2\cdot0,05+2\cdot0,05=0,2mol\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot98=19,6g\)

Đặt nMg=x(mol),nCu=y(mol)

Bảo toàn e : 2nMg+2nCu=2nSO2=0,2(mol)

Từ  giải được:

mMg=0,05.24=1,2(g)

mCu=0,05.64=3,2(g)

nH2SO4=2nSO2=0,2(mol)

mH2SO4=0,2.98=19,6(g)

Đặt nMg=x(mol);nCu=y(mol)

→24x+64y=4,4(1)

nSO2=\(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)=0,1(mol)

Bảo toàn e: x+y=nSO2=0,1(2)

Từ (1)(2)→x=y=0,05(mol)

=>mMg=0,05.24=1,2(g)

mCu=0,05.64=3,2(g)

b)

Mg+2H2SO4→MgSO4+SO2+3H2O

Cu+2H2SO4→CuSO4+SO2+2H2O

Tho PT: ∑nH2SO4=2∑nSO2=0,2(mol)

→m_axit=0,2.98=19,6(g)

2CH3COOH+CaCO3-to>(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2

0,4-----------------0,2----------------------------------------0,2

2CH3COOH+CaO->(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O

0,1----------------0,05

n CO2=0,2 mol

=>%m CaCO3=\(\dfrac{0,2.100}{22,8}100=87,72\%\)

=>%m CaO=12,28%

=>n CaO=0,05 mol

=>VCH3COOH=\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)

a)

\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaCO₃ + 2CH₃COOH --> (CH₃COO)₂Ca + CO₂ + H₂O

                0,2<---------0,4<------------------------------0,2

=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{22,8}=87,72\%\\\%m_{CaO}=100\%-87,72\%=12,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)

\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{22,8-20}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaO + 2CH₃COOH --> (CH₃COO)₂Ca + H₂O

            0,05---->0,1

=> \(V_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1+0,4}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{a}{60}\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{1,5a}{46}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH --H₂SO_4(đ),t^o--> CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{60}}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{1,5a}{46}}{1}\) => HIệu suất tính theo CH₃COOH

\(n_{CH_3COOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(H=\dfrac{\dfrac{1,2a}{88}}{\dfrac{a}{60}}.100\%=81,82\%\)

a)

Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol)$

Suy ra: $24a + 65b = 24,3(1)$
$n_{SO_2} = 0,5(mol)$

Bảo toàn electron : $2n_{Mg} + 2n_{Zn} = 2n_{SO_2}$
$\Rightarrow a + b = 0,5(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

$m_{Mg} = 0,2.24 = 4,8(gam)$
$m_{Zn} = 0,3.65 = 19,5(gam)$
b)

Ta có :

$n_{H_2SO_4} = 2n_{SO_2} = 1(mol)$
$m_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = 1.98 = 98(gam)$