\(log_{12}21=\dfrac{log_321}{log_312}=\dfrac{log_3\left(7\cdot3\right)}{log_3\left(2^2\cdot3\right)}=\dfrac{log_37+log_33}{log_34+log_33}\)

\(=\dfrac{log_37+1}{log_32^2+1}=\dfrac{log_37+1}{2\cdot log_32+1}=\dfrac{b+1}{2a+1}\)

\(a,A=log_23\cdot log_34\cdot log_45\cdot log_56\cdot log_67\cdot log_78\\ =log_28\\ =log_22^3\\ =3\\ b,B=log_22\cdot log_24...log_22^n\\ =log_22\cdot log_22^2...log_22^n\\ =1\cdot2\cdot...\cdot n\\ =n!\)

Bài 1:

\(A=\log_380=\log_3(2^4.5)=\log_3(2^4)+\log_3(5)\)

\(=4\log_32+\log_35=4a+b\)

\(B=\log_3(37,5)=\log_3(2^{-1}.75)=\log_3(2^{-1}.3.5^2)\)

\(=\log_3(2^{-1})+\log_33+\log_3(5^2)=-\log_32+1+2\log_35\)

\(=-a+1+2b\)

Bài 2:

\(\log_{30}8=\frac{\log 8}{\log 30}=\frac{\log (2^3)}{\log (10.3)}=\frac{3\log2}{\log 10+\log 3}\)

\(=\frac{3\log (\frac{10}{5})}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(\log 10-\log 5)}{1+\log 3}=\frac{3(1-b)}{1+a}\)

Bài 3:

\(\log_{27}5=a; \log_87=b; \log_23=c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{\ln 27}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{\ln 8}=b; \frac{\ln 3}{\ln 2}=c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{\ln (3^3)}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{\ln (2^3)}=b; \ln 3=c\ln 2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{3\ln 3}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{3\ln 2}=b; \ln 3=c\ln 2\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{\ln 5}{3c\ln 2}=a; \frac{\ln 7}{3\ln 2}=b\)

\(\Rightarrow \ln 35=\ln 5+\ln 7=3ac\ln 2+3b\ln 2\)

Do đó:
\(D=\log_6 35=\frac{\ln 35}{\ln 6}=\frac{\ln 35}{\ln 2+\ln 3}=\frac{\ln 35}{\ln 2+c\ln 2}=\frac{3ac\ln 2+3b\ln 2}{\ln 2+c\ln 2}\)

\(=\frac{3ac+3b}{1+c}\)

a: \(log_2\left(mn\right)=log_2\left(2^7\cdot2^3\right)=7+3=10\)

 \(log_2m+log_2n=log_22^7+log_22^3=7+3=10\)

=>\(log_2\left(mn\right)=log_2m+log_2n\)

b: \(log_2\left(\dfrac{m}{n}\right)=log_2\left(\dfrac{2^7}{2^3}\right)=7-3=4\)

\(log_2m-log_2n=log_22^7-log_22^3=7-3=4\)

=>\(log_2\left(\dfrac{m}{n}\right)=log_2m-log_2n\)

a) \(\log_2\left(mn\right)=\log_2\left(2^7.2^3\right)=\log_22^{7+3}=\log_22^{10}=10.\log_22=10.1=10\)

\(\log_2m+\log_2n=\log_22^7+\log_22^3=7\log_22+3\log_22=7.1+3.1=7+3=10\)

b) \(\log_2\left(\dfrac{m}{n}\right)=\log_2\dfrac{2^7}{2^3}=\log_22^4=4.\log_22=4.1=4\)

\(\log_2m-\log_2n=\log_22^7-\log_22^3=7.\log_22-3\log_22=7.1-3.1=4\)

\(log_a\left(a^3b^2\right)=log_aa^3+log_ab^2=3+2\cdot log_ab\)

=>B

a)    \({\log _c}b = {\log _a}b.{\log _c}a \Leftrightarrow {a^{{{\log }_c}b}} = {a^{{{\log }_a}b.{{\log }_c}a}} \Leftrightarrow {c^{{{\log }_c}b}} = {\left( {{c^{{{\log }_c}a}}} \right)^{{{\log }_a}b}} \Leftrightarrow b = {a^{{{\log }_a}b}} \Leftrightarrow b = b\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy \({\log _c}b = {\log _a}b.{\log _c}a\)

b)    Từ \({\log _c}b = {\log _a}b.{\log _c}a \Leftrightarrow {\log _a}b = \frac{{{{\log }_c}b}}{{{{\log }_c}a}}\)

a: \(log_49=\dfrac{log9}{log4}=\dfrac{log3^2}{log2^2}=\dfrac{2\cdot log3}{2\cdot log2}=\dfrac{log3}{log2}=\dfrac{b}{a}\)

b: \(log_612=\dfrac{log12}{log6}=\dfrac{log2^2+log3}{log2+log3}=\dfrac{2\cdot log2+log3}{log2+log3}\)

\(=\dfrac{2a+b}{a+b}\)

c: \(log_56=\dfrac{log6}{log5}=\dfrac{log\left(2\cdot3\right)}{log\left(\dfrac{10}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{log2+log3}{log10-log2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b}{1-a}\)