a. PTHH: 2NaOH + CO₂ ---> Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

b. Ta có: \(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{500:1000}=0,5M\)

=> n_NaOH = 0,25(mol)

Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,25=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

Do thể tích dung dịch không đổi sau phản ứng nên: 

\(V_{dd_{Na_2CO_3}}=V_{NaOH}=500:1000=0,5\left(lít\right)\)

=> \(C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,5}=0,25M\)

\(a/KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=0,25.1,5=0,375mol\\ n_{KOH}=n_{KCl}=n_{HCl}=0,375mol\\ V_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,375}{2}=0,1875l\\ b/C_{M_{KCl}}=\dfrac{0,375}{0,1875+0,25}=\dfrac{6}{7}M\)

a) $CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O$

n CaCO3 = n CO2 = x(mol)

m giảm = m CaCO3 - m CO2 

=> 3,36 = 100x -44x

=> x = 0,06(mol)

Gọi n MgCO3 = a(mol) ; n CaCO3 = b(mol)

=> 84a + 100b = 5,68(1)

$MgCO_3 + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
n CO2 = a + b = x = 0,06(2) 

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,02 ; b = 0,04

%m MgCO3 = 0,02.84/5,68   .100% = 29,58%
%m CaCO3 = 100% -29,58% = 70,42%

b)

n MgCl2 = a = 0,02(mol)

n CaCl2 = b = 0,04(mol)

n HCl pư = 2a + 2b = 0,12(mol)

=> n HCl dư = 0,5.1 - 0,12 = 0,38(mol)

Vậy : 

CM MgCl2 = 0,02/1 = 0,02M

CM CaCl2 = 0,04/1 = 0,04M

CM HCl = 0,38/1 = 0,38M

Bài 7:

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối

PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)

                 a_______2a__________a              (mol)

            \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)

                 b_______b__________b       (mol)

Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 8:

PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)

Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)

\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO₃

300ml = 0,3l

\(n_{HNO3}=1.0,3=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O|\)

          1               1               1              1

         0,3            0,3            0,3

\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

200ml = 0,2l

\(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)

\(n_{NaNO3}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{NaNO3}=0,3.85=25,5\left(g\right)\)

Sau phản ứng :

\(V_{dd}=0,2+0,3=0,5\left(l\right)\)

\(C_{M_{NaNO3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(M\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(n_{HNO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{NaNO_3}=n_{HNO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow CM_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)

\(m_{NaNO_3}=0,3.85=25,5\left(g\right)\)

a) \(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1.0,3=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CH₃COOH + NaOH --> CH₃COONa + H₂O

                  0,03---->0,03--------->0,03

=> \(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,03}{1,5}=0,02\left(l\right)\)

b) m_CH3COONa = 0,03.82 = 2,46 (g)

c) \(C_{M\left(CH_3COONa\right)}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,1+0,02}=0,25M\)

a,\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + H₂O

Mol:      0,1          0,2            0,2

b,\(C_{M_{ddKOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,05}=4M\)

c, V_{dd sau pứ} = 0,2+0,05 = 0,25 (l)

\(C_{M_{ddK_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4M\)