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Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Thùy Chi - Toán lớp 10 | Học trực tuyến

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{9}{10}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+1-x\sqrt{14x-1}-\sqrt{10x-9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+3-\sqrt{14x-1}\right)+x+1-\sqrt{10x-9}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left[\left(x+3\right)^2-\left(14x-1\right)\right]}{x+3+\sqrt{14x-1}}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(10x-9\right)}{x+1+\sqrt{10x-9}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(x^2-8x+10\right)}{x+3+\sqrt{14x-1}}+\frac{x^2-8x+10}{x+1+\sqrt{10x-9}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-8x+10\right)\left(\frac{x}{x+3+\sqrt{14x-1}}+\frac{1}{x+1+\sqrt{10x-9}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+10=0\) (casio)

ta có:\(\frac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x-3\sqrt{x}+1=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=3\sqrt{x}\\x-3\sqrt{x}=-1\end{cases}}\)

lại có \(B=\frac{3x\sqrt{x}+10x+19}{x^2+7x+15}\)

\(=\frac{3x\sqrt{x}-9x+19x+19}{x^2-9x+16x+15}\)

\(=\frac{3\sqrt{x}\left(x-3\sqrt{x}\right)+19\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+3\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x-3\sqrt{x}\right)+16x+15}\)

\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{x}+19\times3\sqrt{x}}{-1\times\left(x+3\sqrt{x}\right)+16x+15}\)

\(=\frac{57\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}}{15x+15-3\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\frac{54\sqrt{x}}{15\left(x+1\right)-3\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\frac{54\sqrt{x}}{45\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}}\)

\(=\frac{54\sqrt{x}}{42\sqrt{x}}=\frac{27}{21}\)

Lời giải:

a) \(3x^2+4x+10=2\sqrt{14x^2-7}=2\sqrt{7(2x^2-1)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(3x^2+4x+10\leq 7+(2x^2-1)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4\leq 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x+2)^2\leq 0\)

Mà \((x+2)^2\geq 0\forall x\in\mathbb{R}\Rightarrow (x+2)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2\) (thử lại thấy thỏa mãn)

b) Có:

\(\sqrt{4x^2+5x+1}+3=2\sqrt{x^2-x+1}+9x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{4x^2+5x+1}-\sqrt{4x^2-4x+4}=9x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{9x-3}{\sqrt{4x^2+5x+1}+\sqrt{4x^2-4x+4}}-(9x-3)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (9x-3)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{4x^2+5x+1}+\sqrt{4x^2-4x+4}}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}9x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\sqrt{4x^2+5x+1}+\sqrt{4x^2-4x+4}=1\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét (2):

Ta thấy:

\(\sqrt{4x^2+5x+1}+\sqrt{4x^2-4x+4}\geq \sqrt{4x^2-4x+4}=\sqrt{(2x-1)^2+3}\geq \sqrt{3}>1\)

Do đó \((2)\) vô lý

Vậy PT có nghiệm \(x=\frac{1}{3}\)

a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

Khi \(x\ge1\) ta thấy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT>0\\VP=1-x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên pt vô nghiệm

b/ \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(x-2\sqrt{x-1}\right)}+\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(x+3-4\sqrt{x-1}\right)}=\sqrt{x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{x-1}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=a\ge0\) ta được:

\(\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{a\left(a-2\right)^2}=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\Rightarrow x=1\\\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(a-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{a}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|a-1\right|+\left|a-2\right|=\sqrt{a}\)

- Với \(a\ge2\) ta được: \(2a-3=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow2a-\sqrt{a}-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=-1\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{a}=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow...\)

- Với \(0\le a\le1\) ta được:

\(1-a+2-a=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow2a+\sqrt{a}-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\Rightarrow...\)

- Với \(1< a< 2\Rightarrow a-1+2-a=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow a=1\left(l\right)\)

c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{49}{14}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14x-49+14\sqrt{14x-49}+49}+\sqrt{14x-49-14\sqrt{14x-49}+49}=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{14x-49}+7\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{14x-49}-7\right)^2}=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{14x-49}+7\right|+\left|7-\sqrt{14x-49}\right|=14\)

Mà \(VT\ge\left|\sqrt{14x-49}+7+7-\sqrt{14x-49}\right|=14\)

Nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(7-\sqrt{14x-49}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow14x-49\le49\Leftrightarrow x\le7\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(\frac{49}{14}\le x\le7\)

d/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}-2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-2\right)^2}+3\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-3\right)^2}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|-2\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-2\right|+3\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-3\right|=4\)

TH1: \(\sqrt{2x-1}\ge3\Rightarrow x\ge5\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+4+3\sqrt{2x-1}-9=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=13\)

TH2: \(2\le\sqrt{2x-1}< 3\Rightarrow\frac{5}{2}\le x< 5\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+4+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=2\Rightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)

TH3: \(1\le\sqrt{2x-1}< 2\Rightarrow1\le x< \frac{5}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\left(2-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4=4\) (luôn đúng)

TH4: \(\frac{1}{2}\le x< 1\)

\(1-\sqrt{2x-1}-2\left(2-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=1\Rightarrow x=1\left(l\right)\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}1\le x\le\frac{5}{2}\\x=13\end{matrix}\right.\)