a) Sửa đề: dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)

b) Tương tự câu a

PTHH :

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ -> Al₂(SO₄)₃+ 3H₂

x..........1,5x.................................1,5x

Zn + H₂SO₄ -> ZnSO₄ + H₂

y...........y...........................y

Gọi n_Al , n_Zn lần lượt là x,y (mol ) với x,y>0 => 27x+65y=3,68

n_H2= 2,24/22,4=0,1(mol) , theo PTHH => x+y = 0,1

Ta có hệ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1\\27x+65y=3,68\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,075\\y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\Sigma\)_{H2SO4_10%} = 1,5x+y=0,1375(mol)=>m=13,475(g)

=>m_{dung dịch H2SO4} =134,75(g)

Áp dụng ĐLBTKL , ta suy ra

mdd sau phan ung= 134,75+3,68-0,1.2=138,23(g)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

\(nH_2=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tử H:

\(nH_2SO_4=nH_2=0,1\)

\(\Rightarrow mddH_2SO_4=\dfrac{0,1.98.100}{10}=98\left(g\right)\)

\(mdd_{saupứ}=m_{kimloại}+mddH_2SO_4-mH_2=3,68+98-0,1.2=101,48\left(g\right)\)

 do đó n_H2SO4 = n_{H2 =} 0,1 mol

m_{dd_H2SO4} = 0,1.98÷10% = 98 gam

OK bảo toàn kL:

m_{dd sau PƯ}= m_{dd_H2SO4} + m_{hh_KL} - m_H2 = 98+3,68-0,1×2= 101,48

Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)

Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)

\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)

\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)

\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)

Xét thương:

 \(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)

\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 0,83 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, n_H2SO4 = n_H2 = 0,025 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)

Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2

 2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2

Gọi số mol HCllà x

n H2=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)n HCl=0,5x

Bảo toàn khối lượng: mkl+mHCl=mmuối+mH2

6,05+36,5x=13,15+0,5x.2

→x=0,2 mol

mHCl=0,2.36,5=7,3 gam

=>m =mddHCl=\(\dfrac{7,3}{10\%}\)=73gam

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT, có: \(n_{SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Mà: m _muối = m_KL + m_SO4

⇒ m = m_KL = 93,6 - 0,6.96 = 36 (g)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

Chọn C

BTNT H: nH₂SO₄ = nH₂ = 0,15 mol => m (dd H₂SO₄ 10%)  = 0,15.98.(100/10) = 147 gam

KL + dd H₂SO₄ → muối + H₂

BTKL: m muối = mKL + m (dd H₂SO₄ 10%)– mH₂ = 5,2 + 147 – 0,15.2 = 151,9 gam