Đẳng thức đầu tiên sai:

Ví dụ: \(a=1;b=2;c=3;d=6\) thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

Nhưng \(\dfrac{a.d}{c.d}\ne\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{b^2-d^2}\)

Với đẳng thức thứ 2:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

Cho \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}\) với ( với a, b, c, d khác 0, và c \(\ne\pm d\) ). Chứng minh rằng hoặc \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) hoặc \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{d}{c}\) ?

Bài 1:

$\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bt; c=dt$. Khi đó:

\(\frac{2a^2-3ab+5b^2}{2a^2+3ab}=\frac{2(bt)^2-3.bt.b+5b^2}{2(bt)^2+3bt.b}=\frac{b^2(2t^2-3t+5)}{b^2(2t^2+3t)}\)

$=\frac{2t^2-3t+5}{2t^2+3t}(1)$
\(\frac{2c^2-3cd+5d^2}{2c^2+3cd}=\frac{2(dt)^2-3.dt.d+5d^2}{2(dt)^2+3dt.d}=\frac{d^2(2t^2-3t+5)}{d^2(2t^2+3t)}=\frac{2t^2-3t+5}{2t^2+3t}(2)\)

Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra đpcm.

Bài 2:

Từ $\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}\Rightarrow c^2=ab$. Khi đó:

$\frac{b^2-c^2}{a^2+c^2}=\frac{b^2-ab}{a^2+ab}=\frac{b(b-a)}{a(a+b)}$ (đpcm)

Bài 3:

Đặt $\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bt; c=dt$

Khi đó:

$\frac{3a^6+c^6}{3b^6+d^6}=\frac{3(bt)^6+(dt)^6}{3b^6+d^6}=\frac{t^6(3b^6+d^6)}{3b^6+d^6}=t^6(*)$

Và:

$\frac{(a+c)^6}{(b+d)^6}=(\frac{bt+dt}{b+d})^6=t^6(**)$

Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow $ đpcm.

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk.dk}{bd}=k^2\\\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \RightarrowĐpcm\)

Cauchy-Schwarz đi bn

a) \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow ad=cb\)

=> \(ad+bd=bc+bd\)

\(\Rightarrow d\left(a+b\right)=b\left(c+d\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

Đặt:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\rightarrowđpcm\)

\(\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2-b^2}{d^2k^2-d^2}=\dfrac{b^2\left(k^2-1\right)}{d^2\left(k^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk-b\right)^2}{\left(dk-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left[b\left(k-1\right)\right]^2}{\left[d\left(k-1\right)\right]^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\rightarrowđpcm\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

=>\(a=bk;c=dk\)

\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^2\)(1)

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^2+b^2}{\left(dk\right)^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+b^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{b^2\left(k^2+1\right)}{d^2\left(k^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

Bài 1:

Áp dụng t.c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\\ =\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)