1. Here are the letters. They amved this

Here are the letters which they amved

2. He was sitting in the cmergency room. It was very crowded

He was sitting in the emergency room, which was very crowded

3 Thats the house. I was born in it

That's the house in which / where I was born

4. That's the dictionary Bill gave it to me for Christmas.

That's the dictionary which Bill gave to me for Christmas

5. The children went to New York. They speak English.

The children who speak English went to New York

6. I met Arthur Jones His book on sports sells very well

I met Arthur Jones, whose book on sports sells very well

7. Steve and Lynn are Americans. They own the little restaurant on Bndge Street

Steve and Lynn who own the little restaurant on Bndge Street are Americans

8. Their story sounds incrediblc. It is true

Their story, which sounds incredible, is true

9. Those are the ears. They only take unleaded petrol.

Those are the ears which only take unleaded petrol

10. Do you like the people? Sarah invited then to her party

Do you like the people whom Sarah invited to her party ?

II. The man was sick He looked very pale.

The man who looked very pale was sick / The man who was sick looked very pale

12. The doctor asked him to lie down. She looked very womed

The doctor, who looked very womed, asked him to lie down

13. Who was that man? I saw you with that man in the restaurant. (pre pronoun)

Who was that man whom I saw you with in the restaurant ?

14. The wall is dirty You are leaning against it. (pre pronoun)

The wall which you are leaning against is dirty

I5. Dr. Rowan has had to do all his own typing His secretary resigned two weeks ago

Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing

16. Harry is an engineer. His wife has just given birth to twins

Harry, whose wife has just given birth to twins, is an engineer

17. This is my friend I was spcaking of him

This is my friend whom I was speaking of

18. Tom bad been driving all day. He was tired and wanted to stop

Tom, who had been driving all day, was tired and wanted to stop

19. We praised John. His performance was remarkable.

We praised John, whose performance was remarkable

20. I'm going to visit Brazil. I don't know anything at all about it (pre pronoun)

I'm going to visit Brazil, which I don't know anything at all about

21. My uncle Tom will be arriving tomorrow. You've heard so much about him. (prespronoun)

My uncle Tom, whom you've heard so much about, will be arriving tomorrow

22. history of the town will be published soon Pcople know nothing about it (pre pronoun)

23. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City

The architect who designed these flats has moved to HCM City

24. Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.

Do you know the music which is being played on the radio ?

25. One of the elephants had only one tusk. We saw these clephants at the zoo

We saw these elephants at the zoo, one of which had only one tusk

RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. The pub where I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall.

2. He was sitting on a chair which was uncomfortable.

3. He smokes cigarettes which are very strong

 4. Let me see the pictures which you took at Peter’s wedding.

5. Do you know that lady whose car I repaired ?

6. My flat which was built in the 1920s is in an old part of the city.

7. There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood where I live 

8. The local market which is a two- minute walk from my flat sells excellent local produce

1. The pub where I first met my wife is opposite the Town Hall.

2. He was sitting on a chair which was comfortable.

3. He smokes cigarettes which are very strong.

4. Let me see the pictures which you took at Peter’s wedding.

5.  Do you know that lady, whose car I repaired?

6. My flat is an old part of the city, which was built in the 1920s.

7. There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood where I live.

8.  The local market which is a two-minute walk from my flat, sells excellent local produce.

31.He was sitting in the emergency room. It was very crowded.  ..........He was sitting in the emergency room which was very crowded..................................................................................

32.A nurse was nearby. He called to her.  ......a nurse to whom he called was nearby.....................................................................................................................

33.The nurse called a doctor. He came quickly.  ................The nurse called a doctor who came quickly.......................................................................................

34.She gave the man an injection. It made him go to sleep.  ..........She gave the man an injection,which made him go to sleep.........................................................................................

. 35.The Olympic snowboarding event was exciting. Many people watched it on TV.  ........The Olympic snowboarding event which many people watched on TV was exciting.........................................................................................................

36.It was the first time snowboarding had been included in the Olympics. Snowboarding is a new sport.  ..............It was the first time snowboarding which is a new sport had been included in the Olympics.....................................................................................

. 37.Brenda is a friend. I went on holiday with her.  .......Brenda is a friend with whom i went on holiday.......................................................................................................................

38.This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team.  ...........This is Mr Smith, whose son Bill plays in our team......................................................................................... 39.Her book was published last year. It became a best seller.  ..........her book, which became a best seller, was published last year ................................................................................................ 40.This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it.  ............This is the bank where We borrowed the money from...........................................................................................................

41.I told you about a person. She is at the door.  ...................I told you about a person who is at the door.......................................................................................... 42.I lent you a book. The book was written by one my friends.  ..........I lent you a book which was written by one my friends. .........................................................................................................

43.Do you know a restaurant? We can have a good meal there.  ...........Do you know a restaurant where We can have a good meal?...................................................................................................

 44.I don’t remember the day. I left school on that day.  ...........I don’t remember the day when I left school ................................................................................................................................... 45.This is the man. I met him in Paris.  .............this is the man whom i met in Paris............................................................................

 25. Although the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic.

In spite of ____the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic._________________________________

26. John is calling the other members.

The other members____are being called by John___________________________

27. He has so heavy a work load that it is difficult for him to travel.

He has such__heavy work load that it is difficult for him to travel. ___________________________________

28. The men are angry. The woman is talking to the men.

The men ___who the woman is talking to are angry_____________________________________

29. Don’t go outside the harbor if the wind is strong.

Unless____the wind isn't strong,Don’t go outside the harbor ______________________________________

30. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.

If……we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday ……………………………………………..

31. The postman was bitten by our dog.

Our dog……bit the postman…………..…………………………...

32. Ben said “Would you like to go out tonight, Mary?”

Ben invited ……Mary to go out that night…………………………………….

33. In spite of a good salary, Jim was unhappy in his job.

Although …Jim had a good salary., he  was unhappy in his job.………………………………………...

34. Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan ?

Why was ……not I informed of the change of the plan ? ………………………………………………………………………

35. We had lunch and then we went for a walk by the river.

After we …had had lunch, we went for a walk by the river. ………………………………………………………………………………………

36. Because he was careless, Tam lost his job.

Because of……his carelessness, Tam lost his job. …………………………………………………………………………….

37. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

I have never …read such an interesting book……………………………………………………………………….

38. She’s studied at this college for 6 months.

She started………studying at this college 6 months ago.……………………………………………………..

39. Classroom must be cleaned everyday.

You have to……clean the classroom everyday……………………………………………………

40. I didn’t know you came, so I didn’t wait for you.

If……I had known you came, I would have waited for you……………………………………………..

41. The sea was so cold that we couldn’t swim

The sea was too…cold for us to swim…………………………………

42. They think the owner of the house is abroad.

The owner of the house ……is thought to be abroad……………………...

43. Ben said “I’m so sorry I’m late”

Ben apologized………for being late……………………………

44. Not having heard the weather forecast, John was surprised by the snow.

Because …John hadn't heard the weather forecast, he was surprised by the snow.………………………………………...

45. This is a one month course

This course ………lasts a month ………………………………………………………………….

46. Could you speak English when you were a child ?

Were ……you a child, Could you speak English……………………………………………………………………..

47. His briefcase was too full for the zip fastener to close properly

His briefcase was so …full that the zip fastener couldn't close properly ……………………………………………………………...

48. The film was boring, so he decided to turn off the television.

He ……decided to turn off the television because the film was boring…………………………………………………………………………..

3. They said to us , “May we smoke here in this room ?”.

They ……asked us if they might smoke there in that room ……………………………………………………………………

4. He couldn’t move the piano because it was very heavy.

The piano was ……too heavy for him to move……………………………………………………………………

5. The teacher is going to tell a story.

A story …is going to be told by the teacher…………………………………………………………………………………

6. There are many different kinds of colleges in Britain.

Britain …has many different kinds of colleges…………………………………………………………………………………

7. An average housewife spends nearly 70 hours doing the housework.

It ……takes an average housewife nearly 70 hours to do the housework. ………………………………………………………………………………………

8. I have studied at this college for 14 months.

I began ……studying at this college 14 months ago………………………………………………………………………………

9. Could you speak English when you were a child ?

Were you …a child,Could you speak English …………………………………

10. She was so mean that she never wanted to buy anything

She was such……a mean woman that she never wanted to buy anything …………………………………………………………………..

11. People say he eats 10 eggs a day

He is ……said to eat 10 eggs a day …………………………………………………………………………………..

12. Alan regretted asking Arthur to lend him £20.

Alan wished ……he hadn't asked Arthur to lend him £20. …………………………………………………………………………

13. I work in a factory which has more than a thousand employees.

There …are a thousand employees in the factory where I work  ……………………………………………………………………………

14. They felt tired. The meeting was long.

If …the meeting hadn't been long, they wouldn't have felt tired……………………………………………………………………………

15. I’m always nervous when I travel by air.

Travelling ……by air makes me nervous…………………………………………………………………………

16. They haven’t cleaned the streets this week.

The streets …haven't been cleaned this week……………………………………………………………………………

17. That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.

It is …such a dirty restaurent that no one wants to eat there. ……………………………………………………………………………

18. We would prefer you not to smoke

We would rather you …didn't smoke…………… ………………………………………….

19. John’s money was stolen on a train

John had…his money stolen on a train…………………………………………………………………………

20. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges

Apples___are usually not as expensive as oranges_________________________________

21. You can’t go into that restaurant without a jacket and tie

Unless__you wear a jacket and tie, you can’t go into that restaurant __________________________________

22. Peter is the richest man in my company.

No one _____in my company is as rich as Peter ___________________________

23. He’s tired because he works all time.

If___he didn't work all time, he wouldn;t be tired_____________________________________

24. Our house has five rooms

There______are 5 rooms in our house_______________________________

Combine each pair of these sentences, using the present participle ( V-ing) on the past participle ( V-ed )

1. A new factory has just opened in our town. It employs more than 200 wokers

A new factory employing more than 200 workers has just opened in our town

2. A boy was injure in the accident, He was taken ti hostipal

A boy taken to hospital was injured in the accident

3. I didn't talk much to the man. The man was sitting next to me on the plane to Ha Noi

I didn't talk much to the man sitting next to me on the plane to Ha Noi

4. The man is my uncle. He wrote this poem

The man writing this poem is my uncle

5. The street is very wide. It leads to our school

The street leading to our school is very wide

6. The book is mine. It is lying on the table

The book lying on the table is mine

7. My family is living in a house. The house was built in 2004

My family is living in a house built in 2004

8. The chickens are very fat. They are raise on our farm

The chicken raised on our farm are very fat

9. The streets are very wide. They are bordered with shops

The street bordered with shops are very wide

10. The boy will be punished. He broke the shop window

The boy breaking the shop window will be punished

V/ Combine the following pairs of sentences, using a preposition with a relative pronoun.

1. That’s the man. I got the bag from him yesterday.

That’s the man whom I got the bag fromyesterday.

2. Economics is a subject. I am very interested in it.

Economics is a subject which I am very interested in

3. This is Joanna. I gave my notes to her.

This is Joanna whom I gave my notes to

4. The friend spoke French. Tim was travelling with him.

The friend whom Tim was travelling with spoke French

5. The ladder began to slip. Tom was standing on it.

The ladder which Tom was standing on began to slip

6. This is the city. I was born in this city.

This is the city where I was born

7. Paul is fitter than you. I play tennis with him on weekends.

Paul whom I play tennis with on weekends is fitter than you

8. The woman said the machine was very good. Jim bought the machine from her.

The woman whom Jim bought the machine from said the machine was very good.

9. The chair is in bad shape. You are sitting on it.

The chair which You are sitting on is in bad shape

V/ Combine the following pairs of sentences, using a preposition with a relative pronoun.

1. That’s the man. I got the bag from him yesterday.

=> That's the man from whom I got the bag yesterday.

2. Economics is a subject. I am very interested in it.

=> Economics is a subject which I am very interested in.

3. This is Joanna. I gave my notes to her.

=> This is Joanna, whom I gave my notes to.

4. The friend spoke French. Tim was travelling with him.

=> The friend, with whom Tim was travelling, spoke French.

5. The ladder began to slip. Tom was standing on it.

=> The ladder, on which Tom was standing, began to slip.

6. This is the city. I was born in this city.

=> This is the city where I was born.

7. Paul is fitter than you. I play tennis with him on weekends.

=> Paul, with whom I play tennis on weekends, is fitter than you.

8. The woman said the machine was very good. Jim bought the machine from her.

=> The woman, whom Jim bought the machine from, said the machine was very good.

9. The chair is in bad shape. You are sitting on it.

=> The chair, on which where you are sitting, is in bad shape.

complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun

1. The neighbour makes a lot of noise walking around. His flat is above mine

=>The neighbour whose flat is above mine makes a lot of noise walking around.

2. The local market sells excellent local produce. It is a two-minute walk from my flat

=>The local market which is a two-minute walk from my flat sells excellent local produce.

3. John is speaking to his boss. His boss is a famous writer

=>John whose boss is a famous writer is speaking to his boss.

4. I like the town. You live there

=>I like the town where you live

5. I like the painting. It is in this room

=> I like the painting which is in this room

6. The man was sick. He looked very pale

=>The man who looked very pale was sick

7. He was sitting in the emergency room. It was very crowded

=>He was sitting in the emergency room which was very crowded

8. A nurse was nearby. He called to her

=>A nurse to whom he called was nearby

9. The nurse called a doctor. He came quickly

=> The nurse called a doctor who came quickly

10. She gave the man an injection. It made him go to sleep

=>She gave the man an injection which made him go to sleep

1. The neighbour makes a lot of noise walking around. His flat is above mine

=>The neighbour whose flat is above mine makes a lot of noise walking around.

2. The local market sells excellent local produce. It is a two-minute walk from my flat

=>The local market which is a two-minute walk from my flat sells excellent local produce.

3. John is speaking to his boss. His boss is a famous writer

=>John whose boss is a famous writer is speaking to his boss.

4. I like the town. You live there

=>I like the town where you live

5. I like the painting. It is in this room

=> I like the painting which is in this room

6. The man was sick. He looked very pale

=>The man who looked very pale was sick

7. He was sitting in the emergency room. It was very crowded

=>He was sitting in the emergency room which was very crowded

8. A nurse was nearby. He called to her

=>A nurse to whom he called was nearby

9. The nurse called a doctor. He came quickly

=> The nurse called a doctor who came quickly

10. She gave the man an injection. It made him go to sleep

=>She gave the man an injection which made him go to sleep

Exercise 1: Combine the sentences, using the relative words.

1) Do you know the woman? She is coming toward us.

Do you know the woman coming toward us?

2) The road is very narrow. It joins the two villages.

The road joining the two villages is very narrow.

3) Most of the goods are exported. They are made in this factory.

4) Kuala Lumpur is a major trade center in Southeast Asia. It is the capital city of Malaysia.

Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia is a major trade center in Southeast Asia

5) All students will fail in the exam. They don't hand in their papers.

All students who don't hand in their papers will fail in the exam

6) Some of the people can't come. They have been invited to the party.

Some of the people invited to the party can't come .

7) English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.

English has an alphabet which consists of 26 letters.

8) Hiroko was born in Sapporo. It is a city in Japan.

Hiroko was born in Sapporo,which is a city in Japan.

9) She doesn't want to speak to the person. She divorced her husband for this reason.

She doesn't want to speak to the person the reason why she divorced her husband

10) Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.

Tom has three sisters who are married.

11) Last month, I went back to the village. I was born in this village 30 years ago.

Last month, I went back to the village where I was born 30 years ago.

12) Jane failed the exam. This made her parents very depressed.

Jane failed the exam that made her parents very depressed.

13) My sister was looking after a dog. Its leg had been broken.

My sister was looking after a dog whose leg had been broken.

I/ Rewrite these sentences, using relative pronouns

1.This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it.

→ This is the bank where we borrowed the money

2. Jack’s car had broken down. He had to take a bus.

→ Jack , whose car had broken down , had to take a bus

3. Some boys were arrested. They have been released.

→ Some boys who were arrested have been released

4. The pupil is not clever. He is sitting next to me.

→ The pupil who is sitting next to me is not clever

5. The book is on the top shelf. It is the one that I need.

→ The book which is the one that I need is on the top shelf

6. The girl is drinking coffee. She is my classmate.

→ The girl who is drinking coffee is my classmate

7. The man is angry. He is in the room.

→ The man who is in the room is angry

8. Students are having final test. They look very nervous.

→ Students who are having final test look very nervous

9. Bill Clinton is the forty-second president of the United State. He is from Arkansas.

→ Bill Clinton , who is the forty-second president of the United State , is from Arkansas

10. Sai Gon is the one of the largest cities in Vietnam. It was founded in 1698.

→ Sai Gon , which is the one of the largest cities in Vietnam , was founded in 1698

11. The picture is on the wall. It was painted by my father.

→ The picture which is on the wall was painted by my father

12. My chair is made of wood. It is expensive.

→ My chair , which is made of wood , is expensive

13. Nguyen Du is a great poet. He was born in Ha Tinh province.

→ Nguyen Du , who is a great poet , was born in Ha Tinh province