\(\sqrt{x+3-4\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x+8+6\sqrt{x-1}}\) = 5

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1-4\sqrt{x-1}+4}+\sqrt{x-1+6\sqrt{x-1}+9}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+3\right)^2}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|+\sqrt{x-1}+3=5\)

Nếu \(\sqrt{x-1}\ge2\Rightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|=\sqrt{x-1}-2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}-2+\sqrt{x-1}+3=5\)

\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{x-1}=4\Leftrightarrow x=5\)

Nếu \(0\le\sqrt{x-1}< 2\Rightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|=2-\sqrt{x-1}\Rightarrow2-\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x-1}+3=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2+3=5\)

\(\text{a) }\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}=\sqrt{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+2\sqrt{2x-1}}+\sqrt{2x-2\sqrt{2x-1}}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)+2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}+1+\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|=2\)

Với \(x\ge1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}+1+\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}+1+\sqrt{2x-1}-1=2\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x-1}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-1=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=1\left(T/m\right)\)

Với \(x< 1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}+1+1-\sqrt{2x-1}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0x=0\left(Nghiệm\text{ }đúng\text{ }\forall x\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x< 1\)

Vậy pt có nghiệm \(x\le1\)

a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

Khi \(x\ge1\) ta thấy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT>0\\VP=1-x\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) nên pt vô nghiệm

b/ \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(x-2\sqrt{x-1}\right)}+\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(x+3-4\sqrt{x-1}\right)}=\sqrt{x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{x-1}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=a\ge0\) ta được:

\(\sqrt{a\left(a-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{a\left(a-2\right)^2}=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\Rightarrow x=1\\\sqrt{\left(a-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(a-2\right)^2}=\sqrt{a}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|a-1\right|+\left|a-2\right|=\sqrt{a}\)

- Với \(a\ge2\) ta được: \(2a-3=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow2a-\sqrt{a}-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=-1\left(l\right)\\\sqrt{a}=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=\frac{9}{4}\Rightarrow...\)

- Với \(0\le a\le1\) ta được:

\(1-a+2-a=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow2a+\sqrt{a}-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\Rightarrow...\)

- Với \(1< a< 2\Rightarrow a-1+2-a=\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow a=1\left(l\right)\)

c/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{49}{14}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14x-49+14\sqrt{14x-49}+49}+\sqrt{14x-49-14\sqrt{14x-49}+49}=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{14x-49}+7\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{14x-49}-7\right)^2}=14\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{14x-49}+7\right|+\left|7-\sqrt{14x-49}\right|=14\)

Mà \(VT\ge\left|\sqrt{14x-49}+7+7-\sqrt{14x-49}\right|=14\)

Nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(7-\sqrt{14x-49}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow14x-49\le49\Leftrightarrow x\le7\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(\frac{49}{14}\le x\le7\)

d/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}-2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-2\right)^2}+3\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-3\right)^2}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|-2\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-2\right|+3\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-3\right|=4\)

TH1: \(\sqrt{2x-1}\ge3\Rightarrow x\ge5\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+4+3\sqrt{2x-1}-9=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=13\)

TH2: \(2\le\sqrt{2x-1}< 3\Rightarrow\frac{5}{2}\le x< 5\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+4+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=2\Rightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)

TH3: \(1\le\sqrt{2x-1}< 2\Rightarrow1\le x< \frac{5}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{2x-1}-1-2\left(2-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4=4\) (luôn đúng)

TH4: \(\frac{1}{2}\le x< 1\)

\(1-\sqrt{2x-1}-2\left(2-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)+3\left(3-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=1\Rightarrow x=1\left(l\right)\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}1\le x\le\frac{5}{2}\\x=13\end{matrix}\right.\)

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x^3+x^2+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)

\(x^2-6x+9+x+1-4\sqrt{x+1}+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\\sqrt{x+1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

c.

ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le\dfrac{4}{5}\)

\(VT=2x+3\sqrt{4-5x}+1.\sqrt{x+2}\)

\(VT\le2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(9+4-5x\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+x+2\right)=8\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=-1\)

d.

ĐKXĐ: \(x>1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+x+1-1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\dfrac{1-\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x-1}}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x-1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{a}=\dfrac{1-b^2}{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}-b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{ab}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt[3]{2}\)

b, Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\)

Ta có: \(\sqrt[3]{x^2}-8\sqrt[3]{x}=20\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-8t=20\Leftrightarrow t^2-8t-20=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+2\right)\left(t-10\right)=0\)

\(\orbr{\begin{cases}t=-2\\t=10\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt[3]{x}=-2\\\sqrt[3]{x}=10\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-8\\x=1000\end{cases}}\)

Câu 1:

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=2\left(x+1\right)\)

- Với \(x< -1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}VT\ge0\\VP< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) pt vô nghiệm

- Nhận thấy \(x=-1\) là 1 nghiệm

- Nếu \(x>-1\) kết hợp ĐKXĐ các căn thức ta được \(x\ge1\), pt tương đương:

\(\sqrt{2\left(x+3\right)}+\sqrt{x-1}=2\sqrt{x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+6+x-1+2\sqrt{2\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=4x+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x^2+4x-6}=x-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(2x^2+4x-6\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2+18x-25=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-\frac{25}{7}< 0\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy pt có nghiệm \(x=\pm1\)

Câu 2:

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}-\sqrt{x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+1-\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=2\)

- Nếu \(\sqrt{x-1}-1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge2\) pt trở thành:

\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-\sqrt{x-1}+1=2\Leftrightarrow2=2\) (luôn đúng)

- Nếu \(1\le x< 2\) pt trở thành:

\(\sqrt{x-1}+1-1+\sqrt{x-1}=2\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(l\right)\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(x\ge2\)

Câu 3:

Bình phương 2 vế ta được:

\(2x^2+2x+5+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=2x^2+2x+9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x+4\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=4\)

Đặt \(x^2+x+1=a>0\) pt trở thành:

\(a\left(a+3\right)=4\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1=1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 5:

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{x-1-4\sqrt{x-1}+4}+\sqrt{x-1-6\sqrt{x-1}+9}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-3\right)^2}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|+\left|\sqrt{x-1}-3\right|=1\)

Mà \(VT=\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2\right|+\left|3-\sqrt{x-1}\right|\ge\left|\sqrt{x-1}-2+3-\sqrt{x-1}\right|=1\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\Rightarrow\) Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}-2\ge0\\\sqrt{x-1}-3\le0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow5\le x\le10\)

Vậy nghiệm của pt là \(5\le x\le10\)

\(a,\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x}-1}-\sqrt{x-1}=1.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{x-1}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1-\sqrt{x-1}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=x-1+1\)

\(\Rightarrow x-1=x^2\Rightarrow x^2-x+1=0\) ( vô nghiệm vì nó luôn lớn hơn 0 )

\(đkxđ\Leftrightarrow2x-1\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)

\(c,\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}}+\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}=\sqrt{2}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+2\sqrt{2x-1}}+\sqrt{2x-2\sqrt{2x-1}}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1+2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\sqrt{2x-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}+1+\sqrt{2x-1}-1=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{2x-1}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-1=1\Rightarrow2x=2\Leftrightarrow x=1\)\(\left(tm\right)\)

d tương tự nha , nhân thêm 2 vế với \(\sqrt{6}\)là ra