`2K+2H_2O->2KOH+H_2` (sp: Kali hidroxit, Hidro)

0,2---------------------------0,1 mol

`K_2O+H_2O->2KOH`

`n_(H_2)=((2,24)/(22,4))=0,1 mol`

`->m_(K)=0,2.39=7,8g`

`->m_(K_2O)=17,2-7,8=9,4g`

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

2K + 2H₂O ---> 2KOH + H₂

0,2<---------------0,2<----0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_K=0,2.39=7,8\left(g\right)\\m_{K_2O}=12,5-7,8=4,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{4,7}{94}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: K₂O + H₂O ---> 2KOH

            0,05-------------->0,1

=> m_KOH = (0,2 + 0,1).56 = 16,8 (g)

2K+2H2O->2KOH+H2

0,2--------------0,2-------0,1mol

K2O+H2O->2KOH

0,05--------------0,1

n H2=0,1 mol

=>m K=0,2.39=7,8g

=>m K2O=4,7g=>n K2O=0,05 mol

=>m bazo=0,3.56=16,8g

a) PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

                \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

b) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Zn là b \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,4\\24a+65b=17,8\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot24}{17,8}\cdot100\%\approx26,97\%\\\%m_{Zn}\approx73,03\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 1:

a+b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{17,6}\cdot100\%\approx63,64\%\\\%m_{Cu}=36,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1\cdot400+0,1\cdot160=56\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

Quy đổi hh gồm Fe (a mol) và O (b mol)

\(\Rightarrow56a+16b=27,6\)  (1)

Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(3n_{Fe}=2n_O+2n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow3a-2b=0,45\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,39\\b=0,36\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,195\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,195\cdot400=78\left(g\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{PbO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\\ \left(mol\right)......x\rightarrow...3x......2x.....3x\\ PTHH:PbO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Pb+H_2O\\ \left(mol\right)......y\rightarrow.y.....y......y\\ m_{Fe_2O_3}+m_{PbO}=\Sigma m_{hh}\\ \Leftrightarrow160x+223y=76,6\left(1\right)\\ m_{Fe}+m_{Pb}=\Sigma m_{kl}\\ \Leftrightarrow56.2x+207y=63,8\\ \Leftrightarrow112x+207y=63,8\left(2\right)\\ \xrightarrow[\left(1\right)]{\left(2\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}160x+223y=76,6\\112x+207y=63,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,2.160}{76,6}.100\%=41,8\%\\\%m_{PbO}=100\%-41,8\%=58,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=3x+y=3.0,2+0,2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Sigma V_{H_2}=0,8.22,4=17,92\left(l\right)\)

Câu c là H2 chứ bạn

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

a) Pt : \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2|\)

             2          2                 2          1

            a                                         0,5a

           \(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2|\)

            2          2              2            1

           b                                        0,5b

b) Gọi a là số mol của Na

           b là số mol của K

        \(m_{Na}+m_K=10,1\left(g\right)\)

  ⇒ \(n_{Na}.M_{Na}+n_K.M_K=10,1g\)

         ⇒ 23a + 39b = 10,1g (1)

Theo phương trình : 0,5a + 0,5b = 0,15(2)

Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :

             23a + 39b = 10,1g

              0,5a + 0,5b = 0,15

            ⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Na}=0,1.23=2,3\left(g\right)\)

\(m_K=0,2.39=7,8\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Na = \(\dfrac{2,3.100}{10,1}=22,77\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀K = \(\dfrac{7,8.100}{10,1}=77,23\)⁰/₀

a, \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Na}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Na}=0,3.23=6,9\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2O}=13,1-6,9=6,2\left(g\right)\)

b, \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 13,1 + 200 - 0,15.2 = 212,8 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5.40}{212,8}.100\%\approx9,4\%\)

Bài 3 : 

a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$

b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$

Bài 4 : 

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%  = 60,87\%$

$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}=  1,25(lít)$

3a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100=27,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-27,28=72,73\%\)

b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{13,2-3,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

Mg + 2H2SO4 → MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

\(m_{muối}=0,15.160+0,15.120=42\left(g\right)\)