Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:

\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}=\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{c+a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)

\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=1\Rightarrow a+b-c=c\Rightarrow a+b=2c\\ \dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=1\Rightarrow b+c-a=a\Rightarrow b+c=2a\\ \dfrac{c+a-b}{b}=1\Rightarrow c+a-b=b\Rightarrow c+a=2b\)

\(\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{abc}\\ =\dfrac{2c.2b.2a}{abc}\\ =\dfrac{8abc}{abc}\\ =8\)

a)ĐKXĐ:\(\begin{cases}x\ge0\\2\sqrt{x}-2\ne0\\1-x\ne0\\\end{cases}\)

`<=>` \(\begin{cases}x\ge0\\x\ne1\\\end{cases}\)

`B=1/(2sqrtx-2)-1/(2sqrtx+2)+sqrtx/(1-x)`

`=1/(2(sqrtx-1))-1/(2(sqrtx+1))-sqrtx/(x-1)`

`=(sqrtx+1-(sqrtx-1)-2sqrtx)/(2(sqrtx-1)(sqrtx+1))`

`=(2-2sqrtx)/(2(sqrtx-1)(sqrtx+1))`

`=(2(1-sqrtx))/(2(sqrtx-1)(sqrtx+1))`

`=-1/(sqrtx+1)`

`b)x=3`

`=>B=(-1)/(sqrt3+1)`

`=(-(sqrt3-1))/(3-1)`

`=(1-sqrt3)/2`

`c)|A|=1/2`

`<=>|(-1)/(sqrtx+1)|=1/2`

`<=>|1/(sqrtx+1)|=1/2`

`<=>1/(sqrtx+1)=1/2` do `1>0,sqrtx+1>=1>0`

`<=>sqrtx+1=2`

`<=>sqrtx=1`

`<=>x=1` loại vì `x ne 1`.

a) ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{1-x}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}+1-2\sqrt{x}}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

b) Thay x=3 vào B, ta được:

\(B=\dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\dfrac{-\sqrt{3}+1}{2}\)

c) Ta có: \(\left|A\right|=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

nên \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}A=\dfrac{1}{2}\\A=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{-1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+1=-2\\\sqrt{x}+1=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=1\)(loại)

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2018}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}=0\left(a+b+c=2018\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}+\dfrac{a+b+c-c}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\right]\left(a+b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac+bc+c^2+ab}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\times\left(a+b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-c\\b=-c\\a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=2018\\a=2018\\c=2018\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{2018^{2017}}\)

Vì a + b + c = 2018

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c=2018-a\\c+a=2018-b\\a+b=2018-c\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{2018-a}+\dfrac{b}{2018-b}+\dfrac{c}{2018-c}\)

\(P+3=\left(\dfrac{a}{2018-a}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{2018-b}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{2018-c}+1\right)=\dfrac{2018}{b+c}+\dfrac{2018}{c+a}+\dfrac{2018}{a+b}=2018\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=2018.\dfrac{2017}{2018}=2017\Rightarrow P=2014\)

Ta có : \(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+a}\)

\(\Rightarrow3+P=\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a+c}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3+P=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a +b+c}{a+b}\)

\(\Rightarrow3+P=\left(a+b+c\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\)

Mà \(a+b+c=2018;\) \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}=\dfrac{2017}{2018}\) \(\left(a,b\in R\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3+P=2018.\dfrac{2017}{2018}\)

\(\Rightarrow3+P=2017\)

\(\Rightarrow P=2014\)

Vậy \(P=2014\)

Cách khác nè :))

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}=\dfrac{2017}{2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{2017}{2018}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+c}=2017\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+3=2017\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}=2014\)

1.

\(\dfrac{3a+b+2c}{2a+c}=\dfrac{a+3b+c}{2b}=\dfrac{a+2b+2c}{b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c+2a+c}{2a+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2b}{2b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+b+c}{b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+c}+1=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2b}+1=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}\)

TH1: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\left(-c\right).\left(-a\right).\left(-b\right)}{abc}=-1\)

TH2: \(a+b+c\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+c}=\dfrac{1}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+c=b+c\\2b=b+c\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=b\\b=c\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow2a=b=c\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\left(a+2a\right)\left(2a+2a\right)\left(2a+a\right)}{a.2a.2a}=9\)

Bài 2 đề sai

Ở phân thức thứ 2 không thể là \(\dfrac{y+3x-x}{x}\)

Bài 2:

\(P=\dfrac{x+3y}{y}\cdot\dfrac{y+3z}{z}\cdot\dfrac{z+3x}{x}=\dfrac{\left(x+3y\right)\left(y+3z\right)\left(z+3x\right)}{xyz}\)

Với \(x+y+z=0\)

\(\dfrac{x+3y-z}{z}=\dfrac{y+3z-x}{x}=\dfrac{z+3x-y}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+3y+x+y}{z}=\dfrac{y+3z+y+z}{x}=\dfrac{z+3x+x+z}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(x+2y\right)}{z}=\dfrac{2\left(y+2z\right)}{x}=\dfrac{2\left(z+2x\right)}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(y-z\right)}{z}=\dfrac{2\left(z-x\right)}{x}=\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2y-2z}{z}=\dfrac{2z-2x}{x}=\dfrac{2x-2y}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2y}{z}-2=\dfrac{2z}{x}-2=\dfrac{2x}{y}-2\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2y}{z}=\dfrac{2z}{x}=\dfrac{2x}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{z}=\dfrac{z}{x}=\dfrac{x}{y}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=0\left(\text{trái với GT}\right)\)

Với \(x+y+z\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+3y-z}{z}=\dfrac{y+3z-x}{x}=\dfrac{z+3x-y}{y}=\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y-z=3z\\y+3z-x=3x\\z+3x-y=3y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=4z\\y+3z=4x\\z+3x=4y\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{4x\cdot4y\cdot4z}{xyz}=64\)