\(P=\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}}{a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{3a}{a\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\right):\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a+2\sqrt{ab}+2b}\left(đk:a\ne b,a\ge0,b\ge0\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{3a-3\sqrt{ab}-3a+a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{b}\right)}.\dfrac{2\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a-2\sqrt{ab}+b}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}.\dfrac{2}{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2.2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(a-1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{a-1}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow a-1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)

Do \(a\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow a\in\left\{0;2;3\right\}\)

Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}}{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}-\dfrac{3a}{a\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\right):\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a+2\sqrt{ab}+2b}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{3a-3\sqrt{ab}-3a+a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\dfrac{2\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{a-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{a-1}\)

Để P là số nguyên thì \(a-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)

hay \(a\in\left\{2;0;3\right\}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh:

\(\sqrt{a^2+x^2}+\sqrt{b^2+y^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)^2}\)

Thật vậy, bình phương 2 vế, BĐT tương đương:

\(a^2+x^2+b^2+y^2+2\sqrt{a^2b^2+x^2y^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2}\ge a^2+b^2+x^2+y^2+2ab+2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^2b^2+x^2y^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2}\ge ab+xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+x^2y^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2\ge a^2b^2+x^2y^2+2abxy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2abxy\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Áp dụng:

\(VT=\sqrt{a^2+x^2}+\sqrt{b^2+y^2}+\sqrt{c^2+z^2}\)

\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)^2}+\sqrt{c^2+z^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\) (đpcm)

\(\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{2\cdot4^n+1}-2^n}{\sqrt{2\cdot4^n+1}+2^n}\)

\(=\lim\limits\dfrac{2^n\cdot\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{4^n}}-2^n}{2^n\cdot\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{4^n}}+2^n}\)

\(=\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{4^n}}-1}{\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{4^n}}+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}=\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{2}}{2-1}=3-2\sqrt{2}\)

=>a=3; b=-2

\(a^3+b^3=3^3+\left(-2\right)^3=27-8=19\)

\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=2019-2.\sqrt{2019b}+b\)

Vì a,b,2019 ∈ Z nên \(2.\sqrt{2019b}\in Z\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2019b}\in Z\)

<=> 2019b là số chính phương <=> b có dạng 2019k^2(k ∈ N).Do đó, a có dạng 2019m^2(m ∈ N)

Thay vào , ta có \(\sqrt{2019m^2}+\sqrt{2019k^2}=\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m.\sqrt{2019}+k.\sqrt{2019}=\sqrt{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2019}\left(k+m\right)=\sqrt{2019}\)\(\Leftrightarrow k+m=1\)

Mà k,m ∈ N nên xảy ra 2 TH: k = 0, m = 1 hoặc k = 1,m = 0

-Xét k = 0, m = 1, ta có a = 2019,b = 0

-Xét k = 1,m = 0, ta có a = 0, b = 2019

Vậy...

\(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-1-\sqrt{3}\)

\(=\sqrt{2}-1-2\sqrt{3}=a+b\sqrt{2}+c\sqrt{3}\) (*)

Nhìn vào (*) ta dễ dàng thấy

\(-2\sqrt{3}=c\sqrt{3}\rightarrow c=-2\)

\(\sqrt{2}=b\sqrt{2}\rightarrow b=1\)

Và a=-1.Suy ra a+b+c=(-2)+1+(-1)=-2

a) \(=\sqrt{\frac{9}{2}}-\sqrt{16.2}+\sqrt{36.2}-\sqrt{81.2}\)

\(=\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{2}-4\sqrt{2}+6\sqrt{2}-9\sqrt{2}\)

\(=\left(\frac{3}{2}-4+6-9\right)\sqrt{2}=\frac{-11}{2}\sqrt{2}\)

b) \(=\frac{\sqrt{5}+3-\sqrt{5}+3}{\left(\sqrt{5}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+3\right)}.\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{1-\sqrt{3}}\)

\(=\frac{6}{5-9}.\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{3}\)

c) \(=\left(\frac{a-1-4\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a}+1}{a-1}\right):\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{a-1}\)

\(=\frac{a-3\sqrt{a}}{a-1}.\frac{a-1}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-3\right)}{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-3}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)

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