\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) chứng minh \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\left(1\right)\)

mà cần chứng minh: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)

từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\Rightarrow a^3.d=b^3.a\)

                                        \(\Rightarrow a^2.d=b^3\)

vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\Rightarrow a.c=b^2\)

                \(\Rightarrow a.b.c=b.c\left(3\right)\)

    \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow a.d=b.c\left(4\right)\)

từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a.a.d=b^3\)

                     \(\Rightarrow a^2.d=b^3\left(đpcm\right)\)

vậy \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

a/b = b/c = c/d = (a + b + c)/(b + c + d)

--> ((a + b + c)/(b + c + d))^3 = a^3/b^3

Cần chứng minh:

a^3/b^3 = a/d

<=> a^3/b^3 = a^3/(a^2.d)

--> b^3 = a^2.d

Mà ad = bc (do a/b = c/d)

--> b^3 = abc

<=> b^2 = ac (luôn đúng do a/b = b/c)

--> đpcm

Bài 1:

Áp dụng t.c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\\ =\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a\cdot a\cdot a}{b\cdot b\cdot b}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c}\cdot\dfrac{c}{d}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{d}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)(đpcm)

Theo đề bài ta có :

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\) ( 1 )

Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(k=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)

\(k^2=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}\)  ( 2 )

Mà từ ( 1 ) = > \(k^2=\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}\) ( 3 )

Từ ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) 

 = > \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}\) ( đpcm )

Lời giải:
Vì $\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}$ nên:

$\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}$

Hay $\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}$

Ta có đpcm.

\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c}\cdot\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

Bài 1:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Khi đó: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b(2k+5)}{b(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\\ \frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{d(2k+5)}{d(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)

Ta có đpcm.

Bài 2:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Khi đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(bk)^2+b^2}{(dk)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2(k^2+1)}{d^2(k^2+1)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}(=\frac{b^2}{d^2})\) . Ta có đpcm.

Bài 3:

a) Sửa điều kiện: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\neq -1\)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Theo đkđb thì \(k\neq -1\) nên \(k^3+1\neq 0\); \(k+1\neq 0\)

Ta có: \(\frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{(bk)^3+b^3}{(dk)^3+d^3}=\frac{b^3(k^3+1)}{d^3(k^3+1)}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\)

\(\frac{(a+b)^3}{(c+d)^3}=\frac{(bk+b)^3}{(dk+d)^3}=\frac{b^3(k+1)^3}{d^3(k+1)^3}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{(a+b)^3}{(c+d)^3}\) (đpcm)

b)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=k; \frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dt\)

Ta cần cm \(k=t\)

Khi đó:

\(\frac{2a+13b}{3a-7b}=\frac{2bk+13b}{3bk-7b}=\frac{b(2k+13)}{b(3k-7)}=\frac{2k+13}{3k-7}\)

\(\frac{2c+13d}{3c-7d}=\frac{2dt+13d}{3dt-7d}=\frac{d(2t+13)}{d(3t-7)}=\frac{2t+13}{3t-7}\)

Vì \(\frac{2a+13b}{3a-7b}=\frac{2c+13d}{3c-7d}\Rightarrow \frac{2k+13}{3k-7}=\frac{2t+13}{3t-7}\)

\(\Rightarrow (2k+13)(3t-7)=(2t+13)(3k-7)\)

\(-14k+39t=-14t+39k\Rightarrow k=t\)

Ta có đpcm.

Lời giải:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3(*)\)

Lại có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}(**)\)

Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}\) (đpcm)

Đặt: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\)

Ta có VT:

\(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk-b\right)^2}{\left(dk-d\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{b^2\left(k-1\right)^2}{d^2\left(k-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\) (1)

VT: \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot b}{dk\cdot d}=\dfrac{b^2k}{d^2k}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ab=cd\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^2=\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^2\)

Vậy...

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\) (đpcm)