1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có

 \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)

\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)

Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được

\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)

2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)

Dấu"=" khi a = 4b

nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)

Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)

nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)

khi đó a + b = 1

mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

a) \(A=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}{x+2\sqrt{xy}+y}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

b) \(B=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}}{x-2\sqrt{xy}+y}\)

\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\)

\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}\)

c) \(C=\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}-2a-1}{4a-4\sqrt{a}+1}\)

\(C=\dfrac{-\left(2a-3\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(2\sqrt{a}\right)^2-2\sqrt{a}\cdot2\cdot1+1^2}\)

\(C=\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}\)

\(C=\dfrac{-\sqrt{a}+1}{2\sqrt{a}-1}\)

d) \(D=\dfrac{a+4\sqrt{a}+4}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\dfrac{4-a}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)

\(D=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\dfrac{\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{a}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)

\(D=\sqrt{a}+2-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)

\(D=\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\)

\(D=0\)

Bài 2: 

Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11}{x+2\sqrt{x}-3}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)

\(=\dfrac{15\sqrt{x}-11-3x-9\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}+6-2x+2\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5x+7\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)

Thôi giải lại câu 1:v (ý tưởng dồn biến là quá trâu bò! Bên AoPS em mới phát hiện ra có một cách bằng Cauchy-Schwarz quá hay!)

\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2a^2+\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{9}{2}\)(*)

BĐT này đúng theo Cauchy-Schwarz: \(VT_{\text{(*)}}\le\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{a^2}{2a^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}\right)=\frac{9}{2}\)

Ta có đpcm.

Equality holds when a = b = c = 1 (Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b =c = 1)

1/Đặt \(VT=f\left(a;b;c\right)\) và \(0< t=\frac{a+b}{2}\)

Ta có: \(f\left(a;b;c\right)-f\left(t;t;c\right)=\frac{1}{4a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{4b^2+a^2+c^2}-\frac{2}{5t^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+4c^2}-\frac{1}{2t^2+4c^2}\)

\(=\frac{5t^2-4a^2-b^2}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{5t^2-4b^2-a^2}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{2t^2-a^2-b^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+4c^2\right)\left(2t^2+4c^2\right)}\)

\(=-\frac{1}{4}\left(a-b\right)\left[\frac{\left(11a+b\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{\left(a+11b\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)}\right]+\frac{2t^2-a^2-b^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+4c^2\right)\left(2t^2+4c^2\right)}\)

Xét cái ngoặc to: \(\frac{\left(11a+b\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{\left(a+11b\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(11a+b\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)-\left(a+11b\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(7a^2-36ab+7b^2+10c^2\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)}\)

Từ đó: f(a;b;c) -f(t;t;c)

\(=-\frac{\frac{1}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\left(7a^2-36ab+7b^2+10c^2\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{-\frac{1}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+4c^2\right)\left(2t^2+4c^2\right)}\)

\(=-\frac{1}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\frac{\left(7a^2-36ab+7b^2+10c^2\right)}{\left(5t^2+c^2\right)\left(4a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(4b^2+a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{2}{\left(a^2+b^2+4c^2\right)\left(2t^2+4c^2\right)}\right]\le0\)

Do đó \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\le f\left(t;t;c\right)=f\left(t;t;3-2t\right)\)

\(=\frac{-9\left(t-1\right)^4}{2\left(3t^2-8t+6\right)\left(3t^2-4t+3\right)}+\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{1}{2}\)

Ta có đpcm.

Đề bài thiếu, chắc chắn phải có thêm 1 dữ kiện khác

Ví dụ, bạn cho \(a=b=c=1000\) sẽ thấy BĐT sai

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

\(M^2=(a\sqrt{9b(a+8b)}+b\sqrt{9a(b+8a)})^2\)

\(\leq (a^2+b^2)(9ab+72b^2+9ab+72a^2)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(72a^2+72b^2+18ab)\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2\geq 2ab\Rightarrow 18ab\leq 9(a^2+b^2)\)

Do đó, \(M^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(72a^2+72b^2+9a^2+9b^2)=81(a^2+b^2)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M\leq 9(a^2+b^2)\leq 144\)

Vậy \(M_{\max}=144\Leftrightarrow a=b=\sqrt{8}\)

Bài 6:

\(a+\frac{1}{a-1}=1+(a-1)+\frac{1}{a-1}\)

Vì \(a>1\rightarrow a-1>0\). Do đó áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm cho số dương\(a-1,\frac{1}{a-1}\) ta có:

\((a-1)+\frac{1}{a-1}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{a-1}{a-1}}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow a+\frac{1}{a-1}=1+(a-1)+\frac{1}{a-1}\geq 3\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a-1=1\Leftrightarrow a=2\)

Bài 3:

Xét \(\sqrt{a^2+1}\). Vì \(ab+bc+ac=1\) nên:

\(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ac=(a+b)(a+c)\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2+1}=\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM có: \(\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}\leq \frac{a+b+a+c}{2}=\frac{2a+b+c}{2}\)

hay \(\sqrt{a^2+1}\leq \frac{2a+b+c}{2}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự với các biểu thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:

\(\sqrt{a^2+1}+\sqrt{b^2+1}+\sqrt{c^2+1}\leq \frac{2a+b+c}{2}+\frac{2b+a+c}{2}+\frac{2c+a+b}{2}=2(a+b+c)\)

Ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Bài 4:

Ta có:

\(A=\frac{8a^2+b}{4a}+b^2=2a+\frac{b}{4a}+b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A+\frac{1}{4}=2a+\frac{b+a}{4a}+b^2=2a+b+\frac{b+a}{4a}+b^2-b\)

Vì \(a+b\geq 1, a>0\) nên \(A+\frac{1}{4}\geq a+1+\frac{1}{4a}+b^2-b\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(a+\frac{1}{4a}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow A+\frac{1}{4}\geq 2+b^2-b=\left(b-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\geq \frac{7}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq \frac{3}{2}\).

Vậy \(A_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)

Bài 5:

Ta có : \(\sqrt{x+2}-y^3=\sqrt{y+2}-x^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{y+2})+(x^3-y^3)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x-y)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{y+2}}+x^2+xy+y^2\right)=0\)

Ta thấy biểu thức trong ngoặc lớn luôn lớn hơn $0$ , do đó \(x-y=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

Khi đó, \(A=x^2+2x+10=(x+1)^2+9\geq 9\)

Vậy \(A_{\min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)

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z=3*9=27

vậy x=45,y=63,z=27