\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad+bc\right)^2=4abcd\Leftrightarrow a^2d^2+b^2c^2+2abcd-4abcd=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2d^2-2abcd+b^2d^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad-bc\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)(với b và d khác 0)

Ta luôn dùng dấu tương đương nên không cần chứng minh ngược lại.

\(\left(a^2-bc\right)\left(b-abc\right)=\left(b^2-ca\right)\left(a-abc\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2c^2-a^3bc-b^2c=b^2a+a^2bc^2-ca^2-ab^3c\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b-ab^2-b^2c+ca^2=a^2bc^2-ab^3c+a^3bc-ab^2c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=abc\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Trước hết theo BĐT Schur bậc 3 ta có:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9abc\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (do \(a+b+c=3\)) (1)

Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P, ta có:

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+2abc^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2+abc\right)^2}{b^2c^2+2a^2bc}+\dfrac{\left(c^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2c^2+2ab^2c}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)

Áp dụng (1):

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left[2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=4\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

BĐT cần c/m tương đương:

\(2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)\ge2+\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{4+2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)\ge2+\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)\ge2+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c+d\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)\ge4+3\left(a+b+c+d\right)\)

Dễ dàng chứng minh điều này bằng AM-GM:

\(a^3+a^3+1+b^3+b^3+1+c^3+c^3+1+d^3+d^3+1\ge3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+3d^2\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)+4\ge12\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\ge4\) (1)

Lại có:

\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+d\le4\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3\right)\ge16\ge4+3.4\ge4+3\left(a+b+c+d\right)\) (đpcm)

Dự đoán điểm rơi xảy ra tại \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(3;2;4\right)\)

Đơn giản là kiên nhẫn tính toán và tách biểu thức:

\(D=13\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{c}{24}\right)+13\left(\dfrac{b}{24}+\dfrac{c}{48}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{6}+\dfrac{2}{ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{c}{24}+\dfrac{2}{ac}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{8}+\dfrac{c}{16}+\dfrac{2}{bc}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{6}+\dfrac{c}{12}+\dfrac{8}{abc}\right)\)

Sau đó Cô-si cho từng ngoặc là được

Dễ dàng c/m : \(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}=1\)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b+4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}\right)\) 

Suy ra : \(\Sigma\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+4}\le2.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=\dfrac{1}{2}\) 

" = " \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại

Ta có:

\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

Mặt khác:

\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)

\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)

Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Đúng theo AM-GM:

\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Nhận xét:Ghi nhớ tam giác Pascal cho bậc 4:\(1\rightarrow4\rightarrow6\rightarrow4\rightarrow1\)

cần cù bù thông minh :)

\(a^2+b^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=c^2+d^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2=c^2+d^2+c^2-2cd+d^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+b^2=c^2-cd+d^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)^2=\left(c^2-cd+d^2\right)^2\) ( mạnh dạn bình phương )

\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+a^2b^2+b^4-2a^3b-2ab^3+2a^2b^2=c^4+c^2d^2+d^4-2c^3d-2cd^3+2c^2d^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+3a^2b^2+b^4-2a^3b-2ab^3=c^4+3c^2d^2+d^4-2c^3d-2cd^3\left(1\right)\)

Mặt khác:

\(a^4+b^4+\left(a-b\right)^4\)

\(=a^4+b^4+a^4-4a^3b+6a^2b^2-4ab^3+b^4\)

\(=2\left(a^4-2a^3b-2ab^3+3a^2b^2\right)\left(2\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(c^4+d^4+\left(c-d\right)^4=2\left(c^4-2c^3d-2cd^3+3c^2d^2\right)\left(3\right)\)

Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) suy ra đpcm