Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\b=ck\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\dfrac{b^3k^3+c^3k^3+d^3k^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=k^3\)

\(\dfrac{a}{d}=\dfrac{bk}{d}=\dfrac{ck^2}{d}=\dfrac{dk^3}{d}=k^3\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

Áp dụng BĐT \(AM-GM\) ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+b^2+b^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{a^{15}b^4}{b^9}}=5\dfrac{a^3}{b}\)

\(\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+c^2+c^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{b^{15}c^4}{c^9}}=5\dfrac{b^3}{c}\)

\(\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+a^2+a^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{c^{15}a^4}{a^9}}=5\dfrac{c^3}{a}\)

Cộng từng vế của BĐT ta được :

\(3\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge5\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\right)\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT \(AM-GM\) ta lại có :

\(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+b^2+b^2+b^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{a^{10}b^6}{b^6}}=5a^2\)

\(\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+c^2+c^2+c^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{b^{10}c^6}{c^6}}=5b^2\)

\(\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+a^2+a^2+a^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{c^{10}a^6}{a^6}}=5c^2\)

Cộng vế theo vế ta được :

\(2\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+2\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)\ge3\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge5\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)\ge5\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dương hay không âm bạn?

Từ bài toán này (mà bạn đã hỏi cách đây vài bữa):

cho a,b,c>0. Chứng minh rằng: \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\) - Hoc24

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)

Do đó: \(VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{abc}}{a+b+c}\)

Lại có: \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}=3\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}=x\ge3\Rightarrow VT\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{x}{9}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{8x}{9}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{9x}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.3=\dfrac{10}{3}\) (đpcm)

Lời giải:

Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}},\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}},\sqrt{\frac{c}{a}}\right)=(x,y,z)\). BĐT cần chứng minh chuyển về:

\(x^3+y^3+z^3\geq x^2+y^2+z^2\) với \(xyz=1\)

Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\((x^3+y^3+z^3)(x+y+z)\geq (x^2+y^2+z^2)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3\geq \frac{(x^2+y^2+z^2)^2}{x+y+z}\)(1)

Theo BĐT AM-GM:

\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\Leftrightarrow 2(x^2+y^2+z^2)\geq 2(xy+yz+xz)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 3(x^2+y^2+z^2)\geq (x+y+z)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2+z^2)\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}\geq \frac{(x+y+z).3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{3}=x+y+z\) (2)

Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3\geq x^2+y^2+z^2\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)^3}{\left(b+c-d\right)^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\right)^3\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\right)^3\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\right)^3\left(dpcm\right)\)