\(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow1+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=\frac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc.0=\frac{1}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=\frac{1}{4}\)

Xét: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=1\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2.\frac{1}{4}=1\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=\frac{1}{2}\)(đpcm)

1.

Ta có:

\(x^4+y^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2\right)xy\)

Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P, áp dụng bồ đề vừa chứng minh ta có:

\(P\le\dfrac{a.abc}{bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)+a.abc}+\dfrac{b.abc}{ca\left(c^2+a^2\right)+b.abc}+\dfrac{c.abc}{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c.abc}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{a^2.bc}{bc\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2.ac}{ca\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2.ab}{ab\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

2.

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

Từ đề bài ta có :

\(a+b+c=0< =>\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0< =>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc=0\)

Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)  < = > 1 + 2 ( ab + ac + bc ) = 0

< = > 2 ( ab + ac + bc ) = -1 

< = > ab + ac + bc = -1/2

\(< =>\left(ab+ac+bc\right)^2=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2< =>\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(< =>\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(< =>\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Lại có từ \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)

\(< =>\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=1< =>a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left[\left(ab\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2\right]=1\)

\(< =>a^4+b^4+c^4+2.\dfrac{1}{4}=1< =>a^4+b^4+c^4+\dfrac{1}{2}=1< =>a^4+b^4+c^4=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Bài 2:

Áp dụng BĐT: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\), ta có:

\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\) (1)

Lại áp dụng tương tự ta có:

\(\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2\ge ab^2c+abc^2+a^2bc\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:

\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT Cô -si, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}.\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{3}{b}\)

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}.\dfrac{1}{b}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=\dfrac{3}{c}\)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)

Cộng vế theo vế ta được:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)

p/s: không chắc lắm, có gì sai xót xin giúp đỡ

@Akai Haruma

Lời giải:

Vì $a+b+c=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\right)\)

\(=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)

\(=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)

\(=(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab})+(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc})+(\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ac})+\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\) (áp dụng BĐT AM-GM)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$

Bài 1: \(a+b\ge1\). cm \(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)

ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)(BĐT bunyakovsky)

Áp dụng BĐt bunyakovsky 1 lần nữa:

\(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2:

Áp dụng BĐT bunyakovsky dạng đa thức và phân thức:

\(\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)^2\ge\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}\right]^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

do đó \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\ge a+b+c\)

dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge1\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Lại theo Cauchy-Schwarz lần nữa:

\(\left[\left(1^2\right)^2+\left(1^2\right)^2\right]\left[\left(a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2:

Trước tiên ta chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\)

Ta chứng minh bổ đề: \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{b}+a-b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)(đúng)

Viết các BĐT tương tự và cộng lại

\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{b}+a-b+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+b-c+\dfrac{c^2}{a}+c-a=\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\left(2\right)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\) ta thu được ĐPCM

BT2) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM,ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}\)+b+b\(\geq\) 3\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}.b.b}\) = 3a

\(\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}\)+c+c\(\geq\) 3\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}.c.c}\) = 3b

\(\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\)+a+a\(\geq\) 3\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}.a.a}\) = 3a

Cộng các BĐT lại với nhau ta được:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}\)+\(\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}\)+\(\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\)+2a+2b+2c\(\geq\) 3a+3b+3c

\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2}\) \(\geq\) a+b+c

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c