Rút gọn các phân thức sau:
a) \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)
b) \(\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
a: \(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2-3ab\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
=a+b+c
b:
Sửa đề: \(=\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^3+z^3+3xy\left(x-y\right)+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-xz+yz+z^2\right)+3xy\left(x-y+z\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy-xz+yz\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-y+z}{2}\)
a) \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=a+b+c\)
\(a,\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca}\) \(d,\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{a^4\left(b^2-c^2\right)+b^4\left(c^2-a^2\right)+c^4\left(a^2-b^2\right)}\)
\(b,\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\) \(e,\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2}\)
\(c,\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
* Đặt tên các biểu thức theo thứ tự là A,B,C,D,E.
Câu a)
Theo hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b+c)^3-3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a+b)-abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)]+3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)^3-3(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)\)
\(=(a+b+c)[(a+b+c)^2-3(ab+bc+ac)]\)
\(=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)\) (*)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c\)
Câu b)
\(x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz=x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z\)
Sử dụng kết quả (*) của câu a. Với \(a=x, b=-y, c=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Mặt khác xét mẫu số:
\((x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(x-z)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2+2yz+z^2+x^2-2xz+z^2\)
\(=2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(B=\frac{(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}=\frac{x-y+z}{2}\)
Câu c) Sử dụng kết quả (*) của phần a:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Và mẫu số:
\((x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(C=\frac{(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Câu d)
Xét tử số:
\(a^2(b-c)+b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=a^2(b-c)-b^2[(b-c)+(a-b)]+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a^2-b^2)-(b^2-c^2)(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a-b)(a+b)-(b-c)(b+c)(a-b)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)[a+b-(b+c)]=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\) (1)
Xét mẫu số:
\(a^4(b^2-c^2)+b^4(c^2-a^2)+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=a^4(b^2-c^2)-b^4[(b^2-c^2)+(a^2-b^2)]+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^4-b^4)(b^2-c^2)-(b^4-c^4)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(a^2+b^2)(b^2-c^2)-(b^2-c^2)(b^2+c^2)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)[a^2+b^2-(b^2+c^2)]\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)(a^2-c^2)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra \(D=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Câu e)
Theo phần d ta có:
\(TS=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\)
\(MS=ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2\)
\(=b^2(a-b)-c^2(a-b)=(a-b)(b^2-c^2)=(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)\)
Do đó: \(E=\frac{(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)}=\frac{a-c}{b+c}\)
Rút gọn: A= \(\frac{a^3-b^3+c^3+3abc}{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2}\)
B=\(\frac{x^3y-xy^3+y^3z-yz^3+z^3x-xz^3}{x^2y-xy^2+y^2z-z^2y+z^2x-zx^2}\)
1. a,b,c>0 và a+b+c=2017
\(CM:\Sigma\dfrac{2017a-a^2}{bc}\ge\sqrt{2}\left(\Sigma\sqrt{\dfrac{2017-a}{a}}\right)\)
2. cho x,y,z tm: \(x^2+y^2+z^2=3\)
\(CM:8\left(2-x\right)\left(2-y\right)\left(2-z\right)\ge\left(x+yz\right)\left(y+zx\right)\left(z+xy\right)\)
3. a,b,c>0 và \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge6\)
\(CM:\Sigma\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Tương tự, ta được:
\(\left(2-y\right)\left(2-z\right)>=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{4}\)
và \(\left(2-z\right)\left(2-x\right)>=\left(\dfrac{y+1}{2}\right)^2\)
=>8(2-x)(2-y)(2-z)>=(x+1)(y+1)(z+1)
(x+yz)(y+zx)<=(x+y+yz+xz)^2/4=(x+y)^2*(z+1)^2/4<=(x^2+y^2)(z+1)^2/4
Tương tự, ta cũng co:
\(\left(y+xz\right)\left(z+y\right)< =\dfrac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+1\right)^2}{2}\)
và \(\left(z+xy\right)\left(x+yz\right)< =\dfrac{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(y+1\right)^2}{2}\)
Do đó, ta được:
\(\left(x+yz\right)\left(y+zx\right)\left(z+xy\right)< =\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\)
=>ĐPCM
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) \(\left(x+y-2z\right)^3+\left(y+z-2x\right)^3+\left(z+x-2y\right)^3\)
b) \(a\left(c^2+b^2+bc\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2+ca\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2+bc\right)\)
c) (a+b+c)(ab+ac+bc)-abc
d) \(c\left(a+2b\right)^3-b\left(2a+b\right)^3\)
e) xy(x+y)-yz(y+z)+xz(x-z)
Cho x , y , z là các số dương và xy + yz + xz = 3 . Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức :A=\(\dfrac{x^2}{z\left(z^2+x^2\right)}+\dfrac{y^2}{x\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{z^2}{y\left(y^2+z^2\right)}\)
cho x,y,z thỏa mãn \(x+y+z\le\dfrac{3}{2}\) . tìm GTNN của \(P=\dfrac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(xz+1\right)}+\dfrac{y\left(xz+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(xy+1\right)}+\dfrac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(yz+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}}\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
\(xy+1=xy+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{xy}{4^4}}\).
Tương tự: \(yz+1\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{yz}{4^4}};zx+1\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{zx}{4^4}}\).
Do đó \(\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{4^{12}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{4^{12}\left(xyz\right)^3}}\).
Mà \(xyz\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Nên \(\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(yz+1\right)\left(zx+1\right)}{xyz}\ge125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{8^3}{4^{12}}}=125\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{2^{15}}}=\dfrac{125}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\).
Vậy...
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:
P≥33√(xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
xy+1=xy+14+14+14+14≥55√xy44.
Tương tự: yz+1≥55√yz44;zx+1≥55√zx44.
Do đó (xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)≥1255√(xyz)2412
⇒(xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz≥1255√1412(xyz)3.
Mà xyz≤(x+y+z)327=18
Nên (xy+1)(yz+1)(zx+1)xyz≥1255√83412=1255√1215=1258
⇒P≥152.
Cho a,b,c > 0 và các số x,y,z dương . CHứng minh rằng
\(\dfrac{a\left(z^2+y^2\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(x^2+z^2\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{c\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{a+b}\ge xy+yz+xz\)
Rút gọn phân thức
1. \(\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2}\)
2.\(\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\)
3.\(\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
4. \(\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
