a) Ta có:

Vậy số hạng đầu u₁ = 8, công sai d = -3

b) Ta có:

(1) ⇔ 2u₁ + 20d = 60 ⇔ u₁ = 30 – 10d thế vào (2)

(2) ⇔[(30 – 10D) + 3d]² + [(30 – 10d) + 11d]² = 1170

⇔ (30 – 7d)² + (30 + d)² = 1170

⇔900 – 420d + 49d² + 900 + 60d + d² = 1170

⇔ 50d² – 360d + 630 = 0

Vậy

hay

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}5{u_1} + 10{u_5} = 0\\{S_4} = 14\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}5{u_1} + 10\left( {{u_1} + 4{\rm{d}}} \right) = 0\\\frac{{4\left( {2{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)}}{2} = 14\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}5{u_1} + 10{u_1} + 40{\rm{d}} = 0\\2\left( {2{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right) = 14\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}15{u_1} + 40{\rm{d}} = 0\\2{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}} = 7\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} = 8\\d =  - 3\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy cấp số cộng \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) có số hạng đầu \({u_1} = 8\) và công sai \(d =  - 3\).

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_7} + {u_{15}} = 60\\u_4^2 + u_{12}^2 = 1170\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left( {{u_1} + 6{\rm{d}}} \right) + \left( {{u_1} + 14{\rm{d}}} \right) = 60\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + 6{\rm{d}} + {u_1} + 14{\rm{d}} = 60\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2{u_1} + 20{\rm{d}} = 60\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + 10{\rm{d}} = 30\left( 1 \right)\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\left( 2 \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

\(\left( 1 \right) \Leftrightarrow {u_1} = 30 - 10{\rm{d}}\) thế vào (2) ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {30 - 10{\rm{d}} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {30 - 10{\rm{d}} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170 \Leftrightarrow {\left( {30 - 7{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {30 + {\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\\ \Leftrightarrow 900 - 420{\rm{d}} + 49{{\rm{d}}^2} + 900 + 60{\rm{d}} + {d^2} = 1170 \Leftrightarrow 50{{\rm{d}}^2} - 360{\rm{d}} + 630 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 5{{\rm{d}}^2} - 36{\rm{d}} + 63 = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}d = 3\\d = \frac{{21}}{5}\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Với \(d = 3 \Leftrightarrow {u_1} = 30 - 10.3 = 0\).

Với \(d = \frac{{21}}{5} \Leftrightarrow {u_1} = 30 - 10.\frac{{21}}{5} =  - 12\).

Vậy có hai cấp số cộng \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) thoả mãn:

‒ Cấp số cộng có số hạng đầu \({u_1} = 0\) và công sai \(d = 3\).

‒ Cấp số cộng có số hạng đầu \({u_1} =  - 12\) và công sai \(d = \frac{{21}}{5}\).

a: u4=4 và u6=8

=>u1+3d=4 và u1+5d=8

=>-2d=-4 và u1+3d=4

=>d=2 và u1=4-3d=-2

b: u1-u3+u5=10 và u1+u6=17

=>u1-u1-2d+u1+4d=10 và u1+u1+5d=17

=>u1+2d=10 và 2u1+5d=17

=>u1=16 và d=-3

c: u1+u2=5 và u3*u5=91

=>u1+u1+d=5 và (u1+2d)(u1+4d)=91

=>2u1+d=5 và (u1+2d)(u1+4d)=91

=>d=5-2u1 và (u1+10-4u1)(u1+20-8u1)=91

=>d=5-2u1 và (-3u1+10)(-7u1+20)=91

(-3u1+10)(-7u1+20)=91

=>21u1^2-60u1-70u1+200=91

=>21u1^2-130u1+109=0

=>u1=1 hoặc u1=109/21

Khi u1=1 thì d=5-2u1=5-2=3

Khi u1=109/21 thì d=5-2u1=5-218/21=-113/21

a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u5-u1=15\\u4-u1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^4-u1=15\\u1\cdot q^3-u1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\\u1\left(q^3-1\right)=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{q^4-1}{q^3-1}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

=>\(2\left(q^4-1\right)=5\left(q^3-1\right)\)

=>\(2q^4-2-5q^3+5=0\)

=>\(2q^4-5q^3+3=0\)

=>\(2q^4-2q^3-3q^3+3=0\)

=>\(2q^3\left(q-1\right)-3\left(q-1\right)\left(q^2+q+1\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(q-1\right)\left(2q^3-3q^2-3q-3\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=1\\q\simeq2,39\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(u1=\dfrac{6}{q^3-1}\simeq\dfrac{6}{2.39^3-1}\simeq0,47\)

b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u3+u5=65\\u1+u7=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u1\cdot q^2+u1\cdot q^4=65\\u1+u1\cdot q^6=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot\left(1-q^2+q^4\right)=65\\u1\left(1+q^6\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\dfrac{1-q^2+q^4}{1+q^6}=\dfrac{65}{325}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{q^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

=>\(q^2+1=5\)

=>q^2=4

=>q=2 hoặc q=-2

TH1: q=2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{325}{q^6+1}=5\)

TH2: q=-2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{325}{\left(-2\right)^6+1}=5\)

a: 

ĐKXĐ: \(q\notin\left\{0;1;-1\right\}\)

\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^4-u1=15\\u1\cdot q^3-u1\cdot q=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-1}{q^3-q}=\dfrac{15}{6}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-2=5q^3-5q\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-5q^3+5q-2=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(q-2\right)\left(q-1\right)\left(q+1\right)\left(2q-1\right)=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: q=2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{2^4-1}=\dfrac{15}{15}=1\)

TH2: q=1/2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{\dfrac{1}{16}-1}=15:\dfrac{-15}{16}=-16\)

b:

 \(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u1\cdot q^2+u1\cdot q^4=65\\u1+u1\cdot q^6=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-q^2+1}{q^6+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(1+q^6\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{q^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=4\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q\in\left\{2;-2\right\}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow u1=\dfrac{325}{65}=5\)

c: \(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^3+u1\cdot q^5=-540\\u1\cdot q+u1\cdot q^3=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^5+q^3}{q^3+q}=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: q=3

\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{3+3^3}=-\dfrac{60}{30}=-2\)

TH2: q=-3

=>\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{-3-27}=\dfrac{60}{30}=2\)

a/ \(u_6=u_1+5d=8\Rightarrow u_1=8-5d\)

\(u_2=u_1+d;u_4=u_1+3d\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_2=8-5d+d=8-4d\\u_4=8-5d+3d=8-2d\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(8-4d\right)^2+\left(8-2d\right)^2=16\Rightarrow...\)

b/ Câu này làm theo ý hiểu thôi, ko chắc đâu

\(Xet-S_n:\)

\(u_1=u_1\)

\(u_2=u_1+d\)

\(u_3=u_1+2d\)

......

\(u_n=u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=u_1+u_2+...+u_n=u_1+u_1+d+...+u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=n.u_1+d+2d+....+\left(n-1\right)d\)

\(=n.u_1+\left(1+2+...+\left(n-1\right)\right)d=n.u_1+\dfrac{d\left(n-1\right).n}{2}=\dfrac{n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]}{2}\)

Tương tụ với S(2n)

\(S_{2n}=u_1+u_2+...+u_{2n}=u_1+u_1+d+....+u_1+\left(2n-1\right)d\)

\(=2n.u_1+d+2d+...+\left(2n-1\right)d=2n.u_1+\left(1+2+...+\left(2n-1\right)\right)d=2n.u_1+d.n\left(2n-2\right)=2n\left(u_1+\left(n-1\right).d\right)\)

\(4S_n=S_{2n}\Leftrightarrow4.\dfrac{n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]}{2}=2n\left(u_1+\left(n-1\right).d\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]=2n\left[u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]\)\(\Leftrightarrow2u_1=u_1\Rightarrow u_1=0\)

\(u_5=u_1+4d=18\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{18}{4}=4,5\)

Ok check lại số má hộ tui nhó

a.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+\left(u_1+4d\right)-\left(u_1+2d\right)=10\\\left(u_1+d\right)+\left(u_1+4d\right)=7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+2d=10\\2u_1+5d=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=36\\d=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+d+u_1+3d=5\\u_1^2+\left(u_1+4d\right)^2=25\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4d=5-2u_1\\u_1^2+\left(u_1+4d\right)^2=25\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow u_1^2+\left(u_1+5-2u_1\right)^2=25\)

\(\Rightarrow u_1^2+u_1^2-10u_1+25=25\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u_1=0\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{5}{4}\\u_1=5\Rightarrow d=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_5=96\\u_7=384\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(u^2_6=u_5.u_7=96.384=36864\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_6=192\)

\(q=\dfrac{u_7}{u_6}=\dfrac{384}{192}=2\)

\(u_5=u_1.q^4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_1=\dfrac{u_5}{q^4}=\dfrac{96}{2^4}=6\)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_4-u_2=25\\u_3-u_1=50\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1.q^3-u_1.q=25\\u_1.q^2-u_1=50\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1.q\left(q^2-1\right)=25\left(1\right)\\u_1.\left(q^2-1\right)=50\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right):\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow q=\dfrac{25}{50}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow u_1=\dfrac{50}{q^2-1}=\dfrac{50}{\dfrac{1}{4}-1}=-\dfrac{200}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1-u_1-2q+u_1+4q=65\\u_1+u_1+6q=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+2q=65\\2u1+6q=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>u1=-130; q=195/2

`u_n = u_1 + (n-1).d`

`{(u_1-u_3+u_5=65),(u_1+u_7=325):}`

`<=>{(u_1-u_1-2d+u_1+4d=65),(u_1+u_1+6d=325):}`

`<=>{(u_1+2d=65),(2u_1+6d=325):}`

`<=>{(u_1=-130),(u_2=195/2):}` 

`u_n=u_1 . q^(n-1)`

`{(u_1-u_3+u_5=65),(u_1+u_7=325):}`

`<=>{(u_1 -u_1 .q^2 +u_1 .q^4=65),(u_1+u_1 .q^6=325):}`

`<=>{(u_1(1- q^2 + q^4)=65 \(1)),(u_1 .(1+q^6=325 \(2)):}`

Lấy (2) : (1) được: `(q^6+1)/(q^4-q^2+1)=5`

`<=>q=+-2`

TH1: `q=2=>u_1=5`

TH2: `q=-2=> u_1=5`

Vậy `(u_1;q)=(5;2),(5;-2)`