PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot71\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{284}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{142}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=\dfrac{142}{73}\cdot56\approx108,93\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{142}{73}\cdot127\approx247,04\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=\dfrac{142}{73}\cdot2\approx3,89\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=\dfrac{142}{73}\cdot22,4\approx43,57\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=305,04\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{247,04}{305,04}\cdot100\%\approx80,99\%\)

Fe + 2HCl ➝ FeCl₂ + H₂

mHCl = 200.71% = 142 (g) => nHCl = \(\dfrac{284}{73}\) (mol)

nFe = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) nHCl = \(\dfrac{142}{73}\) (mol) => m ≃ 108,9 (g)

nH₂ = nFe => V ≃ 43,57 (l)

nFeCl₂ = nFe => C% ≃ 80%

(Mk nghĩ bạn nên kiểm tra lại đề vì số liệu không được đẹp cho lắm)

(1)

$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(mol)$
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

0,5           1              0,5        0,5              (mol)

Sau phản ứng : $m_{dd} = 0,5.24 + 100 - 0,5.2 = 111(gam)$

$C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{0,5.95}{111}.100\% = 42,79\%$

(2)

Trích mẫu thử

Cho dung dịch $H_2SO_4$ tới dư vào mẫu thử :

- mẫu thử tạo khí không màu là $Na_2CO_3$
$Na_2CO_3 + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + CO_2 + H_2O$

- mẫu thử tạo kết tủa trắng là $BaCl_2$
$BaCl_2 + H_2SO_4 \to BaSO_4 + 2HCl$
- mẫu thử không hiện tượng là $NaNO_3$

a) PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

                \(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)

b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{20-0,1\cdot65}{81}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\) 

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=119,8\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{15}\cdot136}{119,8}\cdot100\%\approx30,27\%\)

c) Giả sử khí là SO₂

PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

`a)PTHH:`

`Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl_2 + H_2`

`0,3`      `0,6`             `0,3`       `0,3`    `(mol)`

`b) n_[Mg] = [ 7,2 ] / 24 = 0,3 (mol)`

 `=> V_[H_2] = 0,2 . 22,4 =6,72 (l)`

`c) C_[M_[HCl]] = [ 0,6 ] / [ 0,3 ] = 2 (M)`

\(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26.7}{133.5}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(.........0.6......0.2.......0.3\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)

\(C\%HCl=\dfrac{0.6\cdot36.5}{300}\cdot100\%=7.3\%\)

\(n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{AlCl_3} = n_{Al} = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{AlCl_3} = 0,4.133,5 = 53,4(gam)\\ n_{HCl} =3 n_{Al} = 1,2(mol)\\ C\%_{HCl}= \dfrac{1,2.36,5}{200}.100\% = 21,9\%\)

a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

c, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)

d, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{7,3\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd sau pư} = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%\approx12,79\%\)

Fe+2HCl->FeCl₂+H₂

0,125--0,25---0,125-0,125

m _HCl=9,125 g=>n _HCl=\(\dfrac{9,125}{26,5}\)=0,25 mol

=>m Fe=0,125.56=7g

=>V_H2=0,125.22,4=2,8l

=>C%_FeCl2=\(\dfrac{0,125.127}{7+182,5-0,25}\).100=8,388%