Câu 1 : 

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2.7}{27}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(0.1......................0.1.........0.15\)

\(m_{dd}=2.7+200-0.15\cdot2=202.4\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot133.5}{202.4}\cdot100\%=6.59\%\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=12,5\\x+y=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=6\left(g\right)\\ b.Tacó:BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}.1>n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow HCldưsauphảnứng\\ Dungdịchsauphảnứnggồm:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2:0,1\left(mol\right)\\MgCl_2:0,25\left(mol\right)\\HCl_{dư}:0,8-0,7=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{ddsaupu}=200+12,5-0,35.2=212,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{212,8}.100=6,39\%;C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{212,8}.100=11,16\%;C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{212,8}.100=1,72\%\)

\(a.Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ b.n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{24}{160}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=3.0,15=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,45.98.100}{14,7}=300\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=24+300=324\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddFe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,15.400}{324}.100\approx18,519\%\)

a)\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{5}{5+45}\cdot100\%=10\%\)

b)\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+94,4}\cdot100\%=5,6\%\)

c)\(m_{ctNaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot10\%}{100\%}=20g\)

   \(m_{ctNaOH}=\dfrac{300\cdot5\%}{100\%}=15g\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{20+15}{200+300}\cdot100\%=7\%\)

\(a,C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{5}{5+45}=10\%\)

b, \(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CaO + H₂O ---> Ca(OH)₂

              0,1 ---------------> 0,1

\(\rightarrow C\%_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{74.0,1}{5,6+94,4}=37\%\)

c, \(m_{NaOH}=10\%.200+5\%.300=35\left(g\right)\)

\(\rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{35}{200+300}=7\%\)

Ta có

Khối lượng của HCl là

\(mHCL=\dfrac{300.14,6\%}{100\%}=43,8\left(g\right)\)

Khối lượng của NaOH là

\(mNaOH=\dfrac{200.8\%}{100\%}=16\left(g\right)\)

⇒Nồng độ phần trăm của các chất tan trong dung dịch thu được là

\(C\%=\dfrac{mct}{mdd}.100\%=\dfrac{\left(43,8+16\right)}{\left(300+200\right)}.100\%=11,96\%\)

\(NaCl + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = \dfrac{300.7,3\%}{36,5} = 0,6 > n_{NaOH} = \dfrac{200.4\%}{40} =0,2\to HCl\ dư\\ n_{HCl\ pư} = n_{NaCl} = n_{NaOH} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,6 - 0,2 = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 300 + 200 = 500(gam)\\ C\%_{NaCl} = \dfrac{0,2.58,5}{500}.100\% =2,34\%\\ C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,4.36,5}{500}.100\% = 2,92\%\)

PTHH: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H₂O

Ta có:

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{ddHCl}.C\%_{ddHCl}}{100\%}=\dfrac{300.7,3}{100\%}=21,9\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m_{ddNaOH}.C\%_{ddNaOH}}{100\%}=\dfrac{200.4}{100\%}=8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:

\(\dfrac{n_{HCl\left(đề\right)}}{n_{HCl\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{n_{NaOH\left(đề\right)}}{n_{NaOH\left(PTHH\right)}}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)

=> HCl dư, NaOH hết, tính theo n_NaOH.

Chất có trong dung dịch sau khi phản ứng kết thúc là HCl dư và NaCl.

Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:

\(n_{HCl\left(phảnứng\right)}=n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{HCl\left(banđầu\right)}-n_{HCl\left(phảnứng\right)}=0,6-0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.200}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\a, ZnO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2O\\ b,Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=98.0,3=29,4\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{ZnO}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=8,1+200=208,1\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{29,4}{208,1}.100\approx14,128\%\\ C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{16,1}{208,1}.100\approx7,737\%\)

ZnO+H₂SO₄->ZnSO₄+H₂O

0,1-----0,1-------0,1-------0,1 mol

n _ZnO=\(\dfrac{8,1}{81}\)=0,1 mol

m _H2SO4 =39,2g =>n _H2SO4=\(\dfrac{39,2}{98}\)=0,4 mol

=>H2SO4 , dư 0,3 mol

=>m _H2SO4=0,3.98=29,4g

=>C%_H2SO4 dư=\(\dfrac{29,4}{200+0,1.18}\).100=14,568%

=>C% _ZnSO4=\(\dfrac{0,1.161}{200+0,1.18}.100=7,9781\%\)