Write a short paragraph to talk about the causes and effects of water pollution.Use the given suggestion:

Definition : the contamination of bodies of water .

Causes: -Factories dump industrial waste into lakes and rivers.

-Sewage from households is another cause.

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Baldness is inevitable in many aging men, but it may be of particular concern to men who are short. A new study has found that males of short stature are at increased risk of losing their hair prematurely, in addition to a number of other health conditions. The study analyzed the genomes of more than 20,000 men, about half of whom had gone bald well before they turned 50. The other half of participants had no hair loss and were used for comparison.

The study included men from the United States, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom, Greece and Australia. The researchers identified 63 alterations in the human genome that increase the risk of premature baldness. And in many instances, the DNA regions overlapped with genes for short stature.

X Read the passage. Answer the questions below.

​The stratosphere contains a form of oxygen called ozone. Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. The chemical formula of ozone is 03. Oxygen molecules make up about 21% of all gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. They consist of two atoms of oxygen and are labeled 02. Most ozone found in our atmosphere is formed by an interaction between oxygen molecules and ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. When ultraviolet radiation hits an oxygen molecule, it may cause the molecule to break apart into single atoms of oxygen. These single atoms are very reactive, and a single oxygen atom can combine with a molecule of oxygen to form ozone.

​1.​What do people say about the rate of deaths from skin cancer in the future?​

​2. ​How many oxygen atoms are there in a molecule?​

​3.​What elements participate in the formation process of ozone?​

​4.​What happens when an oxygen molecule and an ultraviolet radiation hit each other?

​​​​5.​What is the feature of single atoms?

Natural disasters can be destructive, they can wreak havoc across large areas and cause loss of life or damage to property. We cannot prevent natural disasters, but we can prepare for them. The first step is to learn about the risks in your area and read the information about natural disasters on local government sites. Next, find out what the rescue and emergency workers advise. These people have been trained to deal with disasters, have been through lots of them and know how to help. Make sure you have all the emergency contact numbers entered in your mobile phone. It is also important that you put together an emergency supply kit. Your emergency supply kit should include food, water Medications, personal hygiene items, copies of personal documents and some money. You may also need some extra clothing if you live in a cold climate. 

2. What is the second step to prepare for natural disasters?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 24 to 33.

Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet.

Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed.

The word 'defray' in line 12 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

A. lower

B. raise 

C. make a payment on

D. make an investment toward

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 24 to 33.

Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet.

Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word 'alarming' in line 4? 

A. dangerous

B. serious

C. gripping

D. distressing