\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ Fe_3O_4+4H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+4H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{17,2}.100=32,56\%\\ \%m_{Fe_3O_4}=100-32,56=67,44\%\)

FE+H2SO4->FeSO4+H2

0,1-----------------------------0,1

n H2=0,1 mol

=>m Fe=0,1.56=5,6g

=>%mFe=\(\dfrac{5,6}{17,2}100=32,56\%\)

=>%mFe2O3=67,44%

\(CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O\)

\(n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80}= 0,1 mol\)

\(m_{HCl}= 100 . 18,25\)%= 18,25g

\(n_{HCl}= \dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5 mol\)

                    \(CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O\)

Trước pư:     0,1        0,5 

PƯ                0,1        0,2          0,1

Sau pư            0          0,3         0,1

Dung dịch sau pư: CuCl₂ và HCl dư

\(m_{dd sau pư} = m_{CuO} + m_{dd HCl}=8 +100= 108g\)

C%HCl\(=\dfrac{0,3 . 36,5}{108} . 100\)%= 10,139%

C%CuCl₂\(=\dfrac{0,1. 135}{108}.100\)%= 12,5%

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol Zn, Al là a, b

=> 65a + 27b = 18,4 (1)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

           a----->2a------------->a

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            b---->3b------------->1,5b

=> a + 1,5b = 0,5 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_HCl(pư) = 2a + 3b = 1 (mol)

n_HCl(dư) = 0,6.2 - 1 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H₂O

           0,2<----0,2

=> \(V=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,2-2.n_{H_2}=1,2-2.0,5=0,2\left(mol\right)\\PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=18,4\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b,KOH+HCl_{dư}\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ n_{KOH}=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)

a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{HCl}=V\cdot C_M=2\cdot0,6=1,2mol\)

\(n_{\uparrow}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)

\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

 x         2x           x            x

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

 y         3y           y               1,5y

Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+27y=18,4\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Zn}=0,2\cdot65=13g\)

\(m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4g\)

b)Theo pt: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,2=1mol\)

Để trung hòa: \(n_{OH^-}=n_{H^+}=1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{n_{OH^-}}{C_M}=\dfrac{1}{1}=1l\)

a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ ---> MgSO₄ + H₂

          0,3--->0,3--------------------->0,3

=> m_H2SO4 = 0,3.98 = 29,4 (g)

b, V_H2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)

c, \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ --t^o--> 2Fe + 3H₂O

LTL: \(0,2>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\) => Fe₂O₃ dư

Theo pthh: \(n_{Fe_2O_3\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> m_{Fe2O3 (dư)} = (0,2 - 0,1).160 = 16 (g)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\) 
         0,3      0,3                              0,3 
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4g\\ V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\) 
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\) 
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\) 
=> Fe dư 
\(n_{Fe\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe\left(d\right)}=\left(0,2-0,1\right).56=5,6g\)

PT: \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

a, Ta có: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.20}{100}=40\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{40}{98}=\dfrac{20}{49}\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{20}{49}}{3}\), ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{53}{490}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{53}{490}.98=10,6\left(g\right)\)

b, Theo PT:  \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)

c, Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = m_Al2O3 + m _{dd H2SO4} = 210,2 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{10,6}{210,2}.100\%\approx5,04\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2}{210,2}.100\%\approx16,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.100}{100\%.98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)

Theo pt : \(n_{MgO\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgSO4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,05.120}{2+100}.100\%=5,88\%\\C\%_{ddH2SO4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,05\right).98}{2+100}.100\%=14,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

4P+5O2-to>2P2O5

n P=6,2\31=0,2 mol

n Oxi=6,72\22,4=0,3 mol

lập tỉ lệ 0,2\4< 0,3\5

=>O2 dư :0,01 mol

=>m P2O5=0,1.142=14,2g

=>m O2=0,05.32=1,6g