a) \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_5} = 96\\{u_6} = 192\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}.{q^4} = 96\\{u_1}.{q^5} = 192\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}.{q^4} = 96\\\left( {{u_1}.{q^4}} \right).q = 192\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}.{q^4} = 96\\96q = 192\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}q = 2\\{u_1} = 6\end{array} \right.\)

Vậy cấp số nhân \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) có số hạng đầu \({u_1} = 6\) và công bội \(q = 2\).

b)

\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_4} + {u_2} = 60\\{u_5} - {u_3} = 144\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}.{q^3} + {u_1}.q = 60\\{u_1}.{q^4} - {u_1}.{q^2} = 144\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}.q\left( {{q^2} + 1} \right) = 60\left( 1 \right)\\{u_1}.{q^2}\left( {{q^2} - 1} \right) = 144\left( 2 \right)\end{array} \right.\)

Do \({u_1} = 0\) và \(q = 0\) không là nghiệm của hệ phương trình nên chia vế với vế của (2) cho (1) ta được:

\(\frac{{q\left( {{q^2} - 1} \right)}}{{{q^2} + 1}} = \frac{{144}}{{60}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{{q\left( {{q^2} - 1} \right)}}{{{q^2} + 1}} =\frac{{12}}{{5}} \Leftrightarrow 5q\left( {{q^2} - 1} \right) = 12\left( {{q^2} + 1} \right)\)

\( \Leftrightarrow 5{q^3} - 12q = 5{q^2} + 12 \Leftrightarrow 5{q^3} - 12{q^2} - 5q - 12 = 0 \Leftrightarrow q=3\) thế vào (1) ta được \({u_1}=2\).

Vậy cấp số nhân \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) có số hạng đầu \({u_1} = 2\) và công bội \(q = 3\).

\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_3-u_1=20\\u_2+u_5=54\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(u_1+2d\right)-u_1=20\\\left(u_1+d\right)+\left(u_1+4d\right)=54\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2d=20\\2u_1+5d=54\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}d=10\\u_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy cấp số cộng \(\left(u_n\right)\) có số hạng đầu \(u_1=2\) và công sai \(d=10\)

\(b,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_2+u_3=0\\u_2+u_5=80\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+d+u_1+2d=0\\u_1+d+u_1+4d=80\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=-60\\d=40\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy cấp số cộng \(\left(u_n\right)\) có số hạng đầu \(u_1=-60\) và công sai \(d=40\)

\(c,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_5-u_2=3\\u_8\cdot u_3=24\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+4d-u_1-d=3\\\left(u_1+7d\right)\left(u_1+2d\right)=24\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}d=1\left(1\right)\\\left(u_1+7d\right)\left(u_1+2d\right)=24\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế (1) vào (2), ta được:

\(\left(u_1+7\cdot1\right)\left(u_1+2\cdot1\right)=24\\ \Leftrightarrow u_1^2+9u_1-10=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(u_1-1\right)\left(u_1+10\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_1=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy có hai cấp số cộng \(\left(u_n\right)\) thỏa mãn:

- Cấp số cộng có số hạng đầu \(u_1=1\) và công sai \(d=1\)

- Cấp số cộng có số hạng đầu \(u_1=-10\) và công sai \(d=1\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}5{u_1} + 10{u_5} = 0\\{S_4} = 14\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}5{u_1} + 10\left( {{u_1} + 4{\rm{d}}} \right) = 0\\\frac{{4\left( {2{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)}}{2} = 14\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}5{u_1} + 10{u_1} + 40{\rm{d}} = 0\\2\left( {2{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right) = 14\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}15{u_1} + 40{\rm{d}} = 0\\2{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}} = 7\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} = 8\\d =  - 3\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy cấp số cộng \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) có số hạng đầu \({u_1} = 8\) và công sai \(d =  - 3\).

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_7} + {u_{15}} = 60\\u_4^2 + u_{12}^2 = 1170\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left( {{u_1} + 6{\rm{d}}} \right) + \left( {{u_1} + 14{\rm{d}}} \right) = 60\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + 6{\rm{d}} + {u_1} + 14{\rm{d}} = 60\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2{u_1} + 20{\rm{d}} = 60\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + 10{\rm{d}} = 30\left( 1 \right)\\{\left( {{u_1} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {{u_1} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\left( 2 \right)\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

\(\left( 1 \right) \Leftrightarrow {u_1} = 30 - 10{\rm{d}}\) thế vào (2) ta được:

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {30 - 10{\rm{d}} + 3{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {30 - 10{\rm{d}} + 11{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170 \Leftrightarrow {\left( {30 - 7{\rm{d}}} \right)^2} + {\left( {30 + {\rm{d}}} \right)^2} = 1170\\ \Leftrightarrow 900 - 420{\rm{d}} + 49{{\rm{d}}^2} + 900 + 60{\rm{d}} + {d^2} = 1170 \Leftrightarrow 50{{\rm{d}}^2} - 360{\rm{d}} + 630 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 5{{\rm{d}}^2} - 36{\rm{d}} + 63 = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}d = 3\\d = \frac{{21}}{5}\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Với \(d = 3 \Leftrightarrow {u_1} = 30 - 10.3 = 0\).

Với \(d = \frac{{21}}{5} \Leftrightarrow {u_1} = 30 - 10.\frac{{21}}{5} =  - 12\).

Vậy có hai cấp số cộng \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) thoả mãn:

‒ Cấp số cộng có số hạng đầu \({u_1} = 0\) và công sai \(d = 3\).

‒ Cấp số cộng có số hạng đầu \({u_1} =  - 12\) và công sai \(d = \frac{{21}}{5}\).

a: 

ĐKXĐ: \(q\notin\left\{0;1;-1\right\}\)

\(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^4-u1=15\\u1\cdot q^3-u1\cdot q=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-1}{q^3-q}=\dfrac{15}{6}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-2=5q^3-5q\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2q^4-5q^3+5q-2=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(q-2\right)\left(q-1\right)\left(q+1\right)\left(2q-1\right)=0\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: q=2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{2^4-1}=\dfrac{15}{15}=1\)

TH2: q=1/2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{15}{\dfrac{1}{16}-1}=15:\dfrac{-15}{16}=-16\)

b:

 \(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u1\cdot q^2+u1\cdot q^4=65\\u1+u1\cdot q^6=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^4-q^2+1}{q^6+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(1+q^6\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{q^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=4\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q\in\left\{2;-2\right\}\\u1\left(q^6+1\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow u1=\dfrac{325}{65}=5\)

c: \(HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^3+u1\cdot q^5=-540\\u1\cdot q+u1\cdot q^3=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{q^5+q^3}{q^3+q}=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}q^2=9\\u1\left(q+q^3\right)=-60\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: q=3

\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{3+3^3}=-\dfrac{60}{30}=-2\)

TH2: q=-3

=>\(u1=-\dfrac{60}{-3-27}=\dfrac{60}{30}=2\)

Gọi số hạng đầu và công bội của cấp số nhân là: \(u_1;q\).
a) Theo tính chất của cấp số nhân ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1q^4-u_1=15\\u_1q^3-u_1q=6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{u_1\left(q^4-1\right)}{u_1\left(q^3-q\right)}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(q^2-1\right)\left(q^2+1\right)}{q\left(q^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{q^2+1}{q}=\dfrac{15}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(q^2+1\right)=15q\)\(\Leftrightarrow6q^2-15q+6=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\).
Với \(q=2\).
Suy ra: \(u_1\left(q^4-q\right)=15\Rightarrow u_1=\dfrac{15}{q^4-q}=\dfrac{15}{14}\).
Với \(q=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(u_1=\dfrac{15}{q^4-q}=\dfrac{-240}{7}\).

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_5=96\\u_7=384\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(u^2_6=u_5.u_7=96.384=36864\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_6=192\)

\(q=\dfrac{u_7}{u_6}=\dfrac{384}{192}=2\)

\(u_5=u_1.q^4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_1=\dfrac{u_5}{q^4}=\dfrac{96}{2^4}=6\)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_4-u_2=25\\u_3-u_1=50\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1.q^3-u_1.q=25\\u_1.q^2-u_1=50\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1.q\left(q^2-1\right)=25\left(1\right)\\u_1.\left(q^2-1\right)=50\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right):\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow q=\dfrac{25}{50}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow u_1=\dfrac{50}{q^2-1}=\dfrac{50}{\dfrac{1}{4}-1}=-\dfrac{200}{3}\)

a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u5-u1=15\\u4-u1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot q^4-u1=15\\u1\cdot q^3-u1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\left(q^4-1\right)=15\\u1\left(q^3-1\right)=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{q^4-1}{q^3-1}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

=>\(2\left(q^4-1\right)=5\left(q^3-1\right)\)

=>\(2q^4-2-5q^3+5=0\)

=>\(2q^4-5q^3+3=0\)

=>\(2q^4-2q^3-3q^3+3=0\)

=>\(2q^3\left(q-1\right)-3\left(q-1\right)\left(q^2+q+1\right)=0\)

=>\(\left(q-1\right)\left(2q^3-3q^2-3q-3\right)=0\)

=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=1\\q\simeq2,39\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(u1=\dfrac{6}{q^3-1}\simeq\dfrac{6}{2.39^3-1}\simeq0,47\)

b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u3+u5=65\\u1+u7=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1-u1\cdot q^2+u1\cdot q^4=65\\u1+u1\cdot q^6=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1\cdot\left(1-q^2+q^4\right)=65\\u1\left(1+q^6\right)=325\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\dfrac{1-q^2+q^4}{1+q^6}=\dfrac{65}{325}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{q^2+1}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

=>\(q^2+1=5\)

=>q^2=4

=>q=2 hoặc q=-2

TH1: q=2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{325}{q^6+1}=5\)

TH2: q=-2

=>\(u1=\dfrac{325}{\left(-2\right)^6+1}=5\)

a/ \(u_6=u_1+5d=8\Rightarrow u_1=8-5d\)

\(u_2=u_1+d;u_4=u_1+3d\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_2=8-5d+d=8-4d\\u_4=8-5d+3d=8-2d\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(8-4d\right)^2+\left(8-2d\right)^2=16\Rightarrow...\)

b/ Câu này làm theo ý hiểu thôi, ko chắc đâu

\(Xet-S_n:\)

\(u_1=u_1\)

\(u_2=u_1+d\)

\(u_3=u_1+2d\)

......

\(u_n=u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=u_1+u_2+...+u_n=u_1+u_1+d+...+u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=n.u_1+d+2d+....+\left(n-1\right)d\)

\(=n.u_1+\left(1+2+...+\left(n-1\right)\right)d=n.u_1+\dfrac{d\left(n-1\right).n}{2}=\dfrac{n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]}{2}\)

Tương tụ với S(2n)

\(S_{2n}=u_1+u_2+...+u_{2n}=u_1+u_1+d+....+u_1+\left(2n-1\right)d\)

\(=2n.u_1+d+2d+...+\left(2n-1\right)d=2n.u_1+\left(1+2+...+\left(2n-1\right)\right)d=2n.u_1+d.n\left(2n-2\right)=2n\left(u_1+\left(n-1\right).d\right)\)

\(4S_n=S_{2n}\Leftrightarrow4.\dfrac{n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]}{2}=2n\left(u_1+\left(n-1\right).d\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]=2n\left[u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]\)\(\Leftrightarrow2u_1=u_1\Rightarrow u_1=0\)

\(u_5=u_1+4d=18\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{18}{4}=4,5\)

Ok check lại số má hộ tui nhó

a.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+\left(u_1+4d\right)-\left(u_1+2d\right)=10\\\left(u_1+d\right)+\left(u_1+4d\right)=7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+2d=10\\2u_1+5d=7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=36\\d=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1+d+u_1+3d=5\\u_1^2+\left(u_1+4d\right)^2=25\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4d=5-2u_1\\u_1^2+\left(u_1+4d\right)^2=25\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow u_1^2+\left(u_1+5-2u_1\right)^2=25\)

\(\Rightarrow u_1^2+u_1^2-10u_1+25=25\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u_1=0\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{5}{4}\\u_1=5\Rightarrow d=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)