n_Al = 5.4 / 27 = 0.2 (mol)

2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

0.2......0.6............0.2.......0.3

a) V_H2 = 0.3 * 22.4 = 6.72 (l) 

b) m_AlCl3 = 0.2 * 133.5 = 26.7 (g) 

c) VddHCl = 0.6 / 1.5 = 0.4 (l) 

d) C_MAlCl3 = 0.2 / 0.4 = 0.5 (M) 

PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

1)

a) Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

           0,15->0,3--->0,15-->0,15

=> V_H2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)

c) m_{dd sau pư} = 8,4 + 250 - 0,15.2 = 258,1 (g)

=> \(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.127}{258,1}.100\%=7,38\%\)

2)

a) Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

            0,2-->0,4---->0,2--->0,2

=> V_H2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

m_ZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)

c) \(C_{M\left(dd.HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2M\)

d) 

PTHH: A + 2HCl --> ACl₂ + H₂

           0,2<--0,4

=> \(M_A=\dfrac{4,8}{0,2}=24\left(g/mol\right)\)

=> A là Mg(Magie)

`Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2`

0,15--0,3---0,15----0,15 mol

`n_(Fe)=(8,4)/56=0,15 mol`

`->V_(H_2)=0,15.22,4=3,36l`

c) `CuO+H_2->Cu+H_2O`(to)              

             0,15---0,15 mol

`n_(CuO)=16/80=0,2 mol`

=>CuO dư

`->m_(Cu)=0,15.64=9,6g`

\(a)n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

0,1       0,2            0,1          0,1

\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7g\\ b)V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\ c)C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

0,4      1,2           0,4         0,6 

\(a,V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

\(b,m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\)

\(c,m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,4=53,4\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{43,8.100}{10}=438\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddAlCl_3}=10,8+438-\left(0,6.2\right)=447,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%=\dfrac{53,8}{447,6}.100\%\approx12,02\%\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot1=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

\(0.3.....0.3..............0.3...........0.3\)

\(m_{Fe}=0.3\cdot56=16.8\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)

\(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.3}{0.3}=1\left(M\right)\)

\(nHCl=0,2.0,3=0,06\\ 2Al+6HCl=>2AlCl3+3H2\\ =>nAl=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ =>mAl=0,02.27=0,54\left(g\right)\\ tacónAlCl3=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ =>Cm\left(AlCl3\right)=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\)

a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,3=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,02.27=0,54\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\)

Bài 14 : 

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

        1          2             1          1 

      0,15     0,3           0,15     0,15

a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{1}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(C_{M_{FeCl2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,15}=1\left(M\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

`a)PTHH:`

`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2`

`0,2`     `0,6`                               `0,3`       `(mol)`

`n_[Al]=[5,4]/27=0,2(mol)`

`b)V_[H_2]=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)`

`c)m_[dd HCl]=[0,6.36,5]/10 . 100 =219(g)`

n_Al  = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\) = 0,2 (mol)

 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

     0,2     0,6       0,2      0,3

=>VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72l

=>mHcl=0,6.36,5=21,9g

=>mdd=219g