\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot10^{23}}{6\cdot10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ca}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Ca+2H_2O->Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)

tỉ lệ           1    :      2        :      1           ;    1

n(mol)      0,1----->0,2--------->0,1--------->0,1

\(\dfrac{n_{Ca}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2O}}{2}\left(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\right)\)

`=>` `Ca` hết, `H_2 O` dư, tính theo `Ca`

\(n_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot18=3,6\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot74=7,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Ca}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

                           \(Ca+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)

trc p/u:                 0,1     0,4        

p/u:                      0,1      0,2        0,1             0,1

sau p/u:                0        0,2             0,1          0,1 

-----> sau p/u : H2O dư 

\(a,m_{H_2Odư}=0,2.18=3,6\left(g\right)\)

\(b,V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

\(c,m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}0,1.74=7,4\left(g\right)\)

a) PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1\cdot65=6,5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{10}\cdot100\%=65\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=35\%\)

c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot36,5}{5\%}=146\left(g\right)\)

ta có 200cm3=0,2 lítn hcl=2*0,2=0,4 molgọi số mol của caco3 là a,na2co3 là bcaco3 + 2hcl -> cacl2 + co2 + h2oa(mol)---2a(mol)--a-------a--------ana2co3 + 2hcl -> 2nacl + co2 + h2ob(mol)---2b(mol)---2b-------b------bta có100a+106b=20,62a+2b=0,4=> a=b=0,1 mol=> m caco3=10g; m na2co3=10,6 g 

PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)  (1)

            \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Na₂CO₃ là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2a\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của CaCO₃ là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2b\left(mol\right)\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+2b=0,4\\106a+100b=20,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,1\cdot100=10\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2CO_3}=10,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2mol\\n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCl_2}=0,1\cdot111=11,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=200\cdot1,2=240\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(saup/ư\right)}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=251,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,65\%\\C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{11,1}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Sửa đề cho dễ làm : dd K₂CO₃ 13,8%

PTHH: \(2CH_3COOH+K_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COOK+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)

a+b) Ta có: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{150\cdot12\%}{60}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{K_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddK_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,15\cdot138}{13,8\%}=150\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Theo PTHH:: \(n_{CH_3COOK}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOK}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,15\cdot44=6,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{ddCH_3COOH}+m_{ddK_2CO_3}-m_{CO_2}=293,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH_3COOK}=\dfrac{29,4}{293,4}\cdot100\%\approx10,02\%\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

a) PTHH : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo Pt : \(n_{Fe}=n_{H2SO4}=n_{FeSO4}=n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

b) \(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

c) \(C_{MddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)

d) \(m_{muối}=m_{FeSO4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)

a)

$CH_3COOH + NaHCO_3 \to CH_3COONa + CO_2 + H_2O$

b)

n NaHCO3 = n CH3COOH = 100.12%/60 = 0,2(mol)

m dd NaHCO3 = 0,2.84/8% = 210(gam)

c)

n CO2 = n CH3COOH = 0,2(mol)

=> V CO2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)

d)

m dd = m dd CH3COOH + m dd NaHCO3 - m CO2 = 100  + 210 - 0,2.44 = 301,2(gam)

C% CH3COONa = 0,2.82/301,2   .100% = 5,44%

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{150.14,6\%}{100\%}:36,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

0,1 -------> 0,2 -------->0,1---------------> 0,1

Xét \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\)=> axit dư.

\(n_{HCl.dư}=0,6-0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{dd}=10+150-0,1.44=155,6\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111.100\%}{155,6}=7,13\%\)

\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100\%}{155,6}=9,38\%\)

Câu1: Hòa tan 30gam CaCO3 vào dd CH3COOH dư. Tính thể tích CO2 thoát ra( đktc)

CaCO3+2CH3COOH->(CH3COO)2Ca+CO2+H2O

0,3------------------------------------------------------0,3

n CaCO3=\(\dfrac{30}{100}\)=0,3 mol

=>VCO2=0,3.22,4=6,72l

Câu2: Cho 4,6 gam rượu etylic vào dd axit axetic dư. Tính khối lượng etylaxetat thu được( biết hiệu suất phản ứng 30%)

C2H5OH+CH3COOH->CH3COOC2H5+H2O

0,1-------------------------------------------0,1

n C2H5OH=0,1 mol

=>H=30%

m CH3COOC2H5=0,1.88.30%=2,64g

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a,2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\uparrow\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)

a) 2Na + 2H₂O --> 2NaOH + H₂

b) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Na + 2H₂O --> 2NaOH + H₂

            0,4--------------->0,4---->0,2

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

c) \(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)