nC=4,8/12=0,4(mol)

nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3(mol)

PTHH: C+ O2 -to-> CO2

Ta có: 0,4/1 > 0,3/1

=> C dư, O2 hết, tính theo nO2

=> nCO2=nC(p.ứ)=nO2=0,3(mol)

=>nC(dư)=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)

=>mC(dư)=0,1.12=1,2(g)

V(CO2,đktc)=V(O2,đktc)=6,72(l)  (Số mol tỉ lệ thuận thể tích)

$a) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$

b) $n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(mol)$

$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12(mol)$

Ta thấy : $n_{CH_4} : 1 > n_{O_2} : 2$ nên $CH_4$ dư

$n_{CH_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\ dư} = (0,175 - 0,06).16 = 1,84(gam)$

c) $2NaOH + CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3 + H_2O$

Theo PTHH :

$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_4} = 0,06(mol)$
$m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,06.106 = 6,36(gam)$

\(a,m_C=48\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m_C}{M_C}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{O_2}=44,8\left(l\right)\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)

\(pt:\)      \(1mol\)  \(1mol\)

\(đb:\)      \(4mol\)  \(2mol\)

Xét tỉ lệ:

\(\dfrac{n_{C\left(đb\right)}}{n_{C\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{4}{1}=4>\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(đb\right)}}{n_{O_2\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{1}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) hết, \(C\) dư.

\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)

\(pt:\)                  \(1mol\)   \(1mol\)

\(đb:\)                  \(2mol\)   \(2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=n_{CO_2}.M_{CO_2}=2.\left(1.C+2.O\right)=2.\left(1.12+2.16\right)=88\left(g\right)\)

\(a.n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\)

Theo pt:\(\dfrac{4}{1}>\dfrac{2}{1}\Rightarrow C\) dư, O₂ pư hết

\(b.C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{O_2}=2mol\\ m_{CO_2}=2.44=88\left(g\right)\)

a)

\(n_{Mg} = \dfrac{4,8}{24} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4}= 0,15(mol)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\)

Ta thấy : 

\( \dfrac{n_{Mg}}{2} = 0,1 < n_{O_2} = 0,15 \) nên O₂ dư.

\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{n_{Mg}}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,15-0,1).32 = 1,6(gam)\\ V_{O_2\ dư} = (0,15-0,1).22,4 = 1,12(lít)\)

b)

\(n_{MgO} = n_{Mg} = 0,2\ mol\\ \Rightarrow m_{MgO} = 0,2.40 = 8\ gam\)

a) nZn = 26/65 = 0,4 (mol)

PTHH: 2Zn + O2 -> (t°) 2ZnO

LTL: 0,4/2 < 0,3 => O2 dư

nO2 (p/ư) = 0,4/2 = 0,2 (mol)

mO2 (dư) = (0,3 - 0,2) . 32 = 3,2 (g(

b) nZnO = 0,4 (mol)

mZnO = 0,4 . 81 = 32,4 (g)

a. \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7.437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Ta thấy : 0,4 > 0,3 => Zn dư , O₂ đủ

PTHH : 2Zn + O₂ ----t^o---> 2ZnO

            0,6    0,3                 0,6

\(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,6\right).65=-13\left(g\right)\) 

b. \(m_{ZnO}=0,6.81=48,6\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Oxi còn dư, Fe p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-\dfrac{2}{15}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\)

+) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{kk}=\dfrac{2}{15}\cdot22,4\cdot5\approx14,93\left(l\right)\\m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot232\approx15,47\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

C9:

nP = 6,2/31 = 0,2 (mol)

nO2 = 6,4/32 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5

LTL: 0,2/4 > 0,2/5 => P dư

nP (p/ư) = 0,2/5 . 4 = 0,16 (mol)

nP (dư) = 0,2 - 0,16 = 0,04 (mol)

nP2O5 = 0,2/5 . 2 = 0,08 (mol)

mP2O5 = 0,08 . 142 = 11,36 (g)

C10: 

Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:

mR + mO2 = mRO

=> mO2 = 21,6 - 16,8 = 4,8 (g(

=> nO2 = 4,8/32 = 0,15 (mol)

PTHH: 2R + O2 -> (t°) 2RO

nR = 0,15 . 2 = 0,3 (mol)

M(R) = 16,8/0,3 = 56 (g/mol(

=> R là Fe

\(n_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

      \(C_2H_2+\dfrac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2CO_2+H_2O\)

\(Bđ:0.3.......0.5\)

\(Pư:0.2........0.5.........0.4.........0.2\)

\(Kt:0.1..........0..........0.4...........0.2\)

\(V_{CO_2}=0.4\cdot22.4=8.96\left(l\right)\)

\(V_{C_2H_2\left(dư\right)}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)

a, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4P+5O_2--t^o->2P_2O_5\)

Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}.n_P=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)

b, Theo giả thiết ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(CH_4+2O_2--t^o->CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=2.n_{CH_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=2,24\left(l\right)\)