Đáp án cần chọn là: C

1 3 + 1 6 + 1 10 + ... + 1 x ( x + 1 ) : 2 = 2019 2021 2. [ 1 2.3 + 1 3.4 + ... + 1 x ( x + 1 ) ] = 2019 2021 2. ( 1 2 − 1 3 + 1 3 − 1 4 + ... + 1 x − 1 x + 1 ) = 2019 2021 2. ( 1 2 − 1 x + 1 ) = 2019 2021 1 − 2 x + 1 = 2019 2021 2 x + 1 = 1 − 2019 2021 2 x + 1 = 2 2021 x + 1 = 2021 x = 2020

\(Q=\frac{a}{b+2020-a}+\frac{b}{c+2020-b}+\frac{c}{a+2020-c}\)

\(Q=\frac{a}{b+a+b+c-a}+\frac{b}{c+a+b+c-b}+\frac{c}{a+a+b+c-c}\)

\(Q=\frac{a}{2b+c}+\frac{b}{2c+a}+\frac{c}{2a+b}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(Q=\frac{a^2}{a\cdot\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\cdot\left(2c+a\right)}+\frac{c^2}{c\cdot\left(2a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\cdot\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\cdot\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{3\cdot\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{2020}{3}\)

2020a hay là 2020-a vậy???

Nếu đề như vậy thì thay 2020 vô các mẫu đc

\(\frac{a}{2b+a}=\frac{a^2}{2ab+a^2}\)

Tương tự sau đó cosi swat là ra nha

Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)

mà \(a+b+c\ne0\)

nên \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^{2020}+b^{2020}+c^{2020}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^{2020}}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^{2020}+a^{2020}+a^{2020}}{\left(a+a+a\right)^{2020}}=\dfrac{3\cdot a^{2020}}{9\cdot a^{2020}}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta có : a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc

=> (a + b)(a² - ab + b²) + c³ - 3abc = 0

=> (a + b)³ - 3ab(a + b) + c³ - 3abc = 0

=> [(a + b)³ + c³] - [(3ab(a + b) + 3abc] = 0

=> (a + b + c)(a² + b² + 2ab - ac - bc + c²) - 3ab(a + b + c) = 0

=> (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² - ab - ac - bc) = 0

=> a² + b² + c² - ab- ac - bc = 0

=> 2(a² + b² + c² - ab- ac - bc) = 0

=> 2a² + 2b² + 2c² - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc = 0

=> (a² - 2ab + b²) + (b² - 2bc + c²) + (a² - 2ac + c²) = 0

=> (a - b)² + (b - c)² + (a - c)² = 0

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

Khi đó M = \(\frac{a^{2020}+b^{2020}+c^{2020}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^{2020}}=\frac{3.c^{2020}}{\left(3c\right)^{2020}}+\frac{3c^{2020}}{3^{2020}.c^{2020}}=\frac{1}{3^{2019}}\)

Cmr biểu thức đó bằng 0

Ta có: \(2020+c^2=ab+bc+ca+c^2=\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)

Tương tự => \(2020+a^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)

và \(2020+b^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)

=> PT = \(\frac{a-b}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{b-c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)

= \(\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\) = \(\frac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\) = 0

* Ta c/m: \(x^5-x⋮30\forall x\in Z\)

+ \(x^5-x=x\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4+5\right)\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)+5\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\)

Vì \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\) là tích 5 số nguyên liên tiếp

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮5\\\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮2\\\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮30\) ( do 2,3,5 đôi một nguyên tố cùng nhau ) (1)

+ \(\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\) là tích 3 số nguyên liên tiếp

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮2\\\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮6\) ( do \(\left(2,3\right)=1\) )

\(\Rightarrow5\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)⋮30\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm

Trở lại bài toán ta có:

\(P-M=a^{2019}\left(a^5-a\right)+b^{2019}\left(b^5-b\right)+c^{2019}\left(c^5-c\right)⋮30\)

( do \(a^5-a⋮30,b^5-b⋮30,c^5-c⋮30\) )

=> P và M có cùng số dư khi chia 30

=> P chia 30 dư 7

\(M=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+2020\right)\left(b^2+2020\right)}{c^2+2020}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+ab+bc+ac\right)\left(b^2+ab+bc+ac\right)}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)

\(=a+b\) là 1 số hữu tỉ

=> M là 1 số hữu tỉ (đpcm)