a)\(3\left(\sqrt{2x^2+1}-1\right)=x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{2x^2+1-1}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}\right)-x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6x^2}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}-x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\dfrac{6x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}-\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\dfrac{6x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}+1}=1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{2x^2+1}\\b=3x\end{matrix}\right.\left(a>0\right)\) thì

\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2b}{a+1}=1+b+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-17\\b=120\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-8\\b=49\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-5\\b=26\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=5\end{matrix}\right.;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-0\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (loại vì \(a>0\))

Hay pt vô nghiệm

phần a liên hợp nhưng cx có yếu tố đặt ẩn là done r` nhé ;v còn phần b dg nghĩ có lẽ liên hợp nốt mà chủ thớt khó quá:v

e có 1 cách ngoài liên hợp cho câu b, rất đơn giản( nhưng dễ nhầm ) , đó là lập phương liên tiếp :v =))

Câu 1:

ĐK: \(x\geq -8\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+8}=a(a\geq 0)\) thì pt tương đương với:

\((4x+2)a=3x^2+6x+(x+8)=3x^2+6x+a^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 3x^2+6x+a^2-4ax-2a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (4x^2-4ax+a^2)-x^2+6x-2a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-a)^2+2(2x-a)-x^2+2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-a)^2+2(2x-a)+1-(x^2-2x+1)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-a+1)^2-(x-1)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x-a+2)(3x-a)=0\)

\(\bullet \)Nếu \(x-a+2=0\Leftrightarrow x+2=a\Rightarrow (x+2)^2=a^2=x+8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+4=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=1\\ x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\) . Ở đây chỉ có TH $x=1$ thỏa mãn còn $x=-4$ bị loại vì $x+2=a\geq 0$

\(\bullet \) Nếu \(3x-a=0\Rightarrow 3x=a\Rightarrow 9x^2=a^2=x+8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 9x^2-x-8=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=1\\ x=\frac{-8}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\). Ở đây chỉ có TH $x=1$ thỏa mãn còn $x=-\frac{8}{9}$ loại vì \(9x=a\geq 0\rightarrow x\geq 0\)

Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất $x=1$

Câu 2:
ĐK: \(x\geq \frac{-1}{3}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{3x+1}=a(a\geq 0)\). Khi đó pt đã cho tương đương với:

\(x^2+x+(3x+1)-2x\sqrt{3x+1}=\sqrt{3x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+a^2-2ax=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+a^2-2ax)+(x-a)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x-a)^2+(x-a)=0\Leftrightarrow (x-a)(x-a+1)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=a\\ x+1=a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu \(x=a=\sqrt{3x+1}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ x^2=3x+1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=\frac{3+\sqrt{13}}{2}\) (t/m)

Nếu \(x+1=a=\sqrt{3x+1}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq -1\\ (x+1)^2=3x+1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq -1\\ x^2-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=0\) hoặc $x=1$

Vậy.........

Câu 3:

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+3}=a(a\geq 0)\)

PT đã cho tương đương với:

\((x^2+3)+2x^2+2x=(3x+1)\sqrt{x^2+3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2x^2+2x=(3x+1)a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2x^2+2x-3ax-a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+4x^2-4ax)+2x-a-2x^2+ax=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a-2x)^2-(a-2x)+x(a-2x)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a-2x)(a-x-1)=0\) \(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=2x\\ a=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Nếu \(2x=a=\sqrt{x^2+3}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 0\\ 4x^2=x^2+3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=1\) (t/m)

Nếu \(x+1=a=\sqrt{x^2+3}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq -1\\ (x+1)^2=x^2+3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq -1\\ 2x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=1\)

Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất $x=1$

1. \(\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+7\right)}=3\sqrt{x+3}+2\sqrt{x+7}-6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+7\right)}-3\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{x+7}+6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}\left(\sqrt{x+7}-3\right)-2\left(\sqrt{x+7}-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+7}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+7}-3=0\\\sqrt{x+3}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+7}=3\\\sqrt{x+3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy...

2. \(2x^2+2x+1=\sqrt{4x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x+1-\sqrt{4x+1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+2-2\sqrt{4x+1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x+1-2\sqrt{4x+1}+1+4x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x+1}-1\right)^2+4x^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x+1}=1\\2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x+1=1\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\)

Vậy...

3. \(\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x-1}}=\frac{x+3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}+\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}=\frac{x+3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}=\frac{x+3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|+\sqrt{x-1}+1=\frac{x+3}{2}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=a^2\Leftrightarrow x+3=a^2+4\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left|a-1\right|+a+1=\frac{a^2+4}{2}\)

+) Xét \(a\le1\Leftrightarrow a-1\le0\Leftrightarrow1\le x\le2\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow1-a+a+1=\frac{a^2+4}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2=\frac{a^2+4}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+4=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\) ( thỏa )

+) Xét \(a\ge1\Leftrightarrow a-1\ge0\Leftrightarrow x>2\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow a-1+a+1=\frac{a^2+3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a=\frac{a^2+3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3=4a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4a+3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(loai\right)\\x=10\left(thoa\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy...