\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{10,8}{24}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

         0,45-->0,45------>0,45--->0,45

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.98=44,1\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{44,1.100}{20}=220,5\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd (20^oC)} = 10,8 + 220,5 - 0,45.2 - 14,76 = 215,64 (g)

\(m_{MgSO_4\left(dd.ở.20^oC\right)}=\dfrac{215,64.21,703}{100}=46,8\left(g\right)\)

=> n_{MgSO4 (tách ra)} = \(0,45-\dfrac{46,8}{120}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)

=> n_{H2O (tách ra)} = \(\dfrac{14,76-0,06.120}{18}=0,42\left(mol\right)\)

Xét n_{MgSO4 (tách ra)} : n_{H2O (tách ra)} = 0,06 : 0,42 = 1 : 7

=> CTHH: MgSO₄.7H₂O

\(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{7,2}{72}=0,1mol\)

\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)

0,1       0,1             0,1

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot98=9,8g\)

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{9,8}{24,5\%}\cdot100\%=40g\)

\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,1\cdot152=15,2g\)

\(m_{ddsau}=7,2+40=47,2g\)

\(n_{FeSO_4.7H_2O}=a\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m=278a\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{FeSO_4còn}=15,2-152a\left(g\right)\)

Dung dịch sau khi làm lạnh có khối lượng:

\(m_{ddsaull}=47,2-278a\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{15,2-152a}{47,2-278a}\cdot100\%=13,6\%\Rightarrow a=0,08mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m=278a=278\cdot0,08=22,24g\)

PT: \(MO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MSO_4+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{MO}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MSO_4}=n_{MO}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}.98=\dfrac{980}{M_M+16}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{980}{M_M+16}}{24,5\%}=\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd A} = \(10+\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MSO_4}=\dfrac{\left(M_M+96\right).\dfrac{10}{M_M+16}}{10+\dfrac{4000}{M_M+16}}.100\%=33,33\%\)

\(\Rightarrow M_M=64\left(g/mol\right)\)

Vậy: M là Cu.

Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{10}{80}=0,125\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4\left(A\right)}\)

m _{dd A} = 60 (g) ⇒ m _{dd B} = 60 - 15,625 = 44,375 (g)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4\left(B\right)}=\dfrac{44,375.\dfrac{1600}{71}\%}{160}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT Cu, có: \(n_{CuSO_4.nH_2O\left(C\right)}=0,125-0,0625=0,0625\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_C=\dfrac{15,625}{0,0625}=250\left(g/mol\right)\Rightarrow n=\dfrac{250-160}{18}=5\)

Vậy: C là CuSO₄.5H₂O

m_{CuSO4 trong tinh thể} = \(\dfrac{160m}{250}\)= 0,64m
=> m_{H2O trong tinh thể} = 0,36m
m_{H2O còn sau khi tách tinh thể} = 152,25 - 0,36m
m _{CuSO4 trong dd bảo hoà} = 35,5 - 0,64m = 0,207.(152,25 - 0,36m)

=> m =7,05(g)

muối sunfua k phải sunfat

Tham khảo:hoidap247