Bài 10. Một số muối quan trọng

Lần sau bạn đăng tách từng bài ra nhé.

Bài 1:

Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100.12\%}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)

a, Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{19,05}{200}.100\%=9,525\%\)

b, Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 200 + 100 - 0,15.90 = 286,5 (g)

\(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,3.58,5}{286,5}.100\%\approx6,13\%\)

c, Phần này mình coi như nung trong điều kiện không có không khí nhé.

PT: \(Fe\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[\left(kckk\right)]{t^o}FeO+H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{FeO}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeO}=0,15.72=10,8\left(g\right)\)

Bài 4:

Ta có: \(n_{CuCl_2}=0,1.1,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)

a, \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)

b, \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)

c, \(n_{NaCl}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15+0,1}=1,2\left(M\right)\)

Bài 2:

Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,1.0,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2KOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{K_2SO_4}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)

a, \(m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,025.58=1,45\left(g\right)\)

b, \(C_{M_{MgSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,025}{0,1}=0,25\left(M\right)\)

c, \(C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,025}{0,1+0,1}=0,125\left(M\right)\)

Bài 3: Bạn bổ sung đề bài này nhé.

\(a)Fe+CuSO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\\ FeSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\ b)n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2mol\\ n_{Fe}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2:2=0,1mol\\ m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\)

Cu không pư với dd H₂SO₄ loãng.

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=10-6,5=3,5\left(g\right)\)

Bài 14:

Ta có: \(n_{BaCO_3}=\dfrac{39,4}{197}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

a, \(n_{CO_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)

b, Sửa đề: tính khối lượng dung dịch HCl → tính nồng độ % dd HCl.

 \(n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{100}.100\%=14,6\%\)

c, \(n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 39,4 + 100 - 0,2.44 = 130,6 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.208}{130,6}.100\%\approx31,85\%\)

Bài 12:

Ta có: \(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{25,2}{84}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

a, Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)

b, Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 25,2 + 200 - 0,3.44 = 212 (g)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.95}{212}.100\%\approx13,44\%\)

Bài 13:

Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

1. \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)

2. \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%}=100\left(g\right)\)

3. Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 10 + 100 - 0,1.44 = 105,6 (g)

Theo PT: \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{105,6}.100\%\approx10,51\%\)

a, Ta có: 65n_Zn + 27n_Al = 11,9 (1)

PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ m_Zn = 0,1.65 = 6,5 (g)

m_Al = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)

b, Theo PT: n_ZnCl2 = n_Zn = 0,1 (mol)

n_AlCl3 = n_Al = 0,2 (mol)

⇒ m _muối = 0,1.136 + 0,2.133,5 = 40,3 (g)

c, Theo PT: n_HCl = 2n_H2 = 0,8 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=m_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

a, \(m_{MgSO_4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)

b, \(V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)

c, Bạn bổ sung đề phần này nhé.

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{MgSO_4}=120.0,2=24\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=24,79.0,2=4,958\left(l\right)\\ c,Oxide:A_2O_x\left(x:hoá.trị.A\right)\\ A_2O_x+xH_2SO_4\rightarrow A_2\left(SO_4\right)_x+xH_2O\\ n_{Oxide}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}.0,2.1}{x}=\dfrac{0,15}{x}\left(mol\right)\\ M_{A_2O_x}=\dfrac{8}{\dfrac{0,15}{x}}=\dfrac{160}{3}x\)

Xét x=1;x=2;x=3;x=8/3 thấy x=3 (TM) khi đó KLR oxide là 160g/mol 

\(M_{M_2O_3}=2M_M+3.16=160\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{160-48}{2}=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

Nên: M là sắt (Fe=56)

Oxide CTHH: Fe₂O₃

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,81}{27}=0,03mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.0,27=0,054mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,03}{2}< \dfrac{0,054}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4,pư}=\dfrac{0,03.3}{2}=0,045mol\\ m_{H_2SO_4,dư}=\left(0,054-0,045\right)98=0,882g\)

Bài 8: Bạn bổ sung thêm đề phần này nhé.

Bài 9: Bài này giống bài 2 bên dưới nhé.

Bài 10: 

\(n_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaNO_3+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)

a, \(n_{NaOH}=3n_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45\left(l\right)\)

b, \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15.160=24\left(g\right)\)

Bài 11:

Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200.12\%}{40}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2NaOH+FeCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\)

a, \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.127}{100}.100\%=38,1\%\)

b, \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 200 + 100 - 0,3.90 = 273 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,6.58,5}{273}.100\%\approx12,86\%\)