He left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.

→ Having _____ left  the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.____________________________________________.

After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted.

→ Having _____worked hard all day,  Sarah was exhausted_________________________________________________________.

We saw Rupert. He was looking into a shop window.

→ We saw _____Rupert  looking into a shop window____________________________________________________________.

Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn’t afford a new jacket.

→ Having ___ spent all his money, Daniel couldn’t afford a new jacket________________________________________________________.

He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase.

→ Taking ____ out a gun he put it in his briefcase____________________________________________________.

He left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.

→ Having ______________________  left the phone ring for 5 minutes,he slowly replaced the receiver._____________________________________________.

After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted.

→ Having ___________________________ worked hard all day,  Sarah was exhausted___________________________________.

We saw Rupert. He was looking into a shop window.

→ We saw ______________________________ Rupert looking into a shop window.___________________________________.

Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn’t afford a new jacket.

→ Having _____________________________ spent all his money, Daniel couldn’t afford a new jacket.______________________________.

He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase.

→ Taking ___________________________ out a gun, he out it in his briefcase._____________________________.

1 Having left the phone ring for 5 minutes, he slowly replaced the receiver 

2 Having worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted 

3 We saw Rupert looking into a shop window 

4 Having spent all his money, Daniel couldn't afford a new jacket

5 Taking out a gun, he put it in his briefcase

.It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour.

→ It’s better to _____avoid travelling during the rush hour._______________________________________________.

1.      Could you turn the radio down, please?

→ Would you mind ____ turning the radio down ?_____________________________________.

2.      Are you going to the seaside this summer?

→ Have you planned ___on going the seaside this summer ?_________________________________________.

3.      Will you invite your friends on Sundays?

→ Do you consider ___ inviting your friends on Sundays ?_____________________________________.

4.      He didn’t say goodbye to anyone when he left the room.

→ He left the room _____ without saying goodbye to anyone._____________________________________________.

5.      He would rather read books than watch television.

→ He prefers _____reading books to watching television._____________________________________________.

0 It's better not to travel during the rush hour

1 Would you mind turning the radio down?

2 Have you planned to go to the seaside this summer?

3 do you consider inviting your friends on sundays?

4 He left the room without saying goodbye

5 He prefers reading books to watching television

Exercise 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences with gerund or present participle or perfect participle.

Shall we go for a walk?

→ What about __________________ going for a walk ?_________________________.

Why don’t we visit our teacher?

→ I suggest _______________________ visiting our teacher________________________________.

It is really quite easy to learn English.

→ Learning ________________ English is really quite easy______________________________.

I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.

→ I don’t feel like _______________ going to the movie tonight______________________.

Complaining about the matter is useless now.

→ It is useless _________________ to complain about the matter______________________________.

Shall we go for a walk?

→ What about going  for a walk?

Why don’t we visit our teacher?

→ I suggest visiting our teacher.

It is really quite easy to learn English.

→ Learning English is really quite easy.

I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.

→ I don’t feel like going to the movie tonight.

Complaining about the matter is useless now.

→ It is useless to complain about the matter.

1. What about for going for a walk?

2. I suggest visiting our teacher.

3.  Learning English is really quite easy.

4.  I don't feel like going to the cinema tonight.

5.  It is useless to complain about the matter now.

1.Christopher apologized for having forgotten to pay.

2. Having  repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.

3. The porter just stood there expecting  a tip.

4. Being the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite.

5.Picking up the phone, Mitchel dialed a number

1 Christopher apologized for having forgotten to pay.

2 Having repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.

3 The porter just stood there expecting a tip.

4 Being the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite.

5 Picking up the phone, Mitchell dialed a number.

Christopher apologized. He’d forgotten to pay.

→ Christopher apologized for forgetting to pay.

When Tom had repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.

→ Having the car repaired, Tom took it out for a road test

The porter just stood there. He expected a tip.

→ The porter stood there to expect a tip.

Because she is the youngest child, Natasha is her father’s favorite.

→ Being the youngest child, Natasha is her father's favorite.

Mitchell picked up the phone and dialed a number.

→ Picking up the phone, Mitchell dialed a number.

1. have not eaten / since

2. Has she had / for / has

3. has been / since   

4. have taken / for   

5. have not seen / for  

1: have not eaten-since

2: has she had-for-has

3: has been-since

4: have taken-for

5: have not seen-for

1.Kevin (go)........had gone......home by the time I arrived.

2.Ethan suddenly realized that he (leave).........had left.........his laptop on the train.

3.Mum was annoyed because I (not clean)......hadn't cleaned.......my room.

4..........Had.........they(study)......studied....English before they went to the USA?

5.We were hungry because we (not eat)...............hadn't eaten................

6.My phone didn't work because I (not charge).......hadn't charged..........it

7.Why didn't you want to watch the film? -.......Had...........you(see).....seen.....it before?

8.Sally was embarrassed because she )forget)......had forgotten...........her dad's birthday.

9.I(never/see)...........had never seen............such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

10.I did not have any money because I (lose)....had lost......my wallet

11.Tony knew Istanbul so well because he (visit)............had visited..............the city several times.

12.We were not able to get a hotel room because we (book)....hadn't booked.......in advance.

1. Kevin had gone home by the time I arrived.
2. Ethan suddenly realized that he had left his laptop on the train.
3. Mum was annoyed because I had not cleaned my room.
4. Had they studied English before they went to the USA?
5. We were hungry because we had not eaten.
6. My phone didn't work because I had not charged it.
7. Why didn't you want to watch the film? - Had you seen it before?
8. Sally was embarrassed because she had forgotten her dad's birthday.
9. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
10. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
11. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
12. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.

Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as one sentence,using the -ING form or bare infinitive or present participle or perfect participle.