a) \(M=2020+2020^2+...+2020^{10}\)

\(M=\left(2020+2020^2\right)+\left(2020^3+2020^4\right)+...+\left(2020^9+2020^{10}\right)\)

\(M=2020\left(1+2020\right)+2020^3\left(1+2020\right)+...+2020^9\left(1+2020\right)\)

\(M=2021\left(2020+2020^3+...+2020^9\right)⋮2021\).

b) Bạn làm tương tự câu a). 

b, \(A=2021+2021^2+...+2021^{2020}\)

\(=2021\left(1+2021\right)+...+2021^{2019}\left(1+2021\right)\)

\(=2022\left(2021+...+2021^{2019}\right)⋮2022\)

Vậy ta có đpcm 

Do \(\left|a\right|;\left|b\right|;\left|c\right|\le1\Rightarrow a^{2018}+b^{2020}+c^{2022}\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)

Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(x-1;y-1;z-1\right)\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}0\le x;y;z\le2\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)+3\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le5\)

Thật vậy, do \(0\le x;y;z\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2-x\right)\left(2-y\right)\left(2-z\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8-4\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge xyz+4\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le5\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;2\right)\) và hoán vị

Hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(-1;0;1\right)\) và hoán vị

b) \(\left(a^{2019}+b^{2019}\right)^2=\left(a^{2018}+b^{2018}\right)\left(a^{2020}+b^{2020}\right)\Leftrightarrow2a^{2019}b^{2019}=a^{2018}a^{2020}+a^{2020}b^{2018}\Leftrightarrow2ab=a^2+b^2\Leftrightarrow a=b\).

Do a, b dương nên a = b = 1.

Câu a thì bạn áp dụng BĐT Svacxo

Đặt \(\left(b+c,c+a,a+b\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)thì \(x,y,z>0\)và \(a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{z+x-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)

Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh trở thành: \(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{25\left(z+x-y\right)}{2y}+\frac{4\left(x+y-z\right)}{2z}>2\)

Xét \(VT=\left(\frac{y}{2x}+\frac{z}{2x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{25z}{2y}+\frac{25x}{2y}-\frac{25}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{2x}{z}+\frac{2y}{z}-2\right)\)\(=\left(\frac{y}{2x}+\frac{25x}{2y}\right)+\left(\frac{25z}{2y}+\frac{2y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{2x}+\frac{2x}{z}\right)-15\)\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{2x}.\frac{25x}{2y}}+2\sqrt{\frac{25z}{2y}.\frac{2y}{z}}+2\sqrt{\frac{z}{2x}.\frac{2x}{z}}-15=2\)(BĐT Cauchy)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(10x=2y=5z\)hay \(10\left(b+c\right)=2\left(c+a\right)=5\left(a+b\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}10b+8c=2a\\5b+10c=5a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2a=10b+8c\\2a=2b+4c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow8b+4c=0\)(Vô lí vì 8b + 4c > 0 với mọi b,c dương)

Vậy dấu bằng không xảy ra

em chao chi a

sao lại chào chị

Sửa lại đề: $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2021}$.

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Lời giải:

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a+b+c=2021\\ \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2021}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)})=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{c(a+b+c)+ab}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)

$\Leftrightarrow (2021-c)(2021-a)(2021-b)=0$

Do đó ít nhất 1 trong 3 số $a,b,c$ có 1 số có giá trị bằng $2021$

c) Áp dụng công thức \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{a+b}\),ta được:

\(Q=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2020}-\frac{1}{2021}\)

\(=1+1+1+...+1-\frac{1}{2021}\)

\(=2021-\frac{1}{2021}=\frac{4084440}{2021}\)