a) x² +x +1 = x² + x + 1/4 + 3/4 =(x+1/2)² + 3/4

=> GTNN a) =3/4 khi x=-1/2

b) 4x² +4x -5 = 4x² + 4x +1 -6 = (2x+1)²-6

=> GTNN b) = -6 khi x=-1/2

c) (x-3)(x+5) +4 = x²+2x -11 = x²+2x +1-12=(x+1)²-12

GTNN c) =12 khi x=-1 

d) x²-4x+y²-8y+6=x²-4x+4+y²-8y+16-14=(x-2)²+(y-4)²-14

GTNN d) =-14 khi x=2 , y=4

\(a,=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(b,=\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)-6=\left(2x+1\right)^2-6\ge-6\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(c,=x^2+2x-15+4=\left(x+1\right)^2-12\ge-12\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

\(d,=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)-14=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14\ge-14\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:

a) Ta có: 

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2,5\right]\)

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Mà: \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên:

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(2\left(x+1\right)^2+5=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy: \(M_{min}=5\) khi \(x=-1\)

b) Ta có:

\(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(N=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu '=" xảy ra: 

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy: \(N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức

a) Ta có: 

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(E=-\left(4x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

Mà: \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\ge\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\) nên 

\(\Rightarrow E=-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

Vậy: \(E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

b) Ta có:

\(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(F=-3x^2+5x-6\)

\(F=-\left(3x^2-5x-6\right)\)

\(F=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-2\right)\)

\(F=-3\left[\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{97}{36}\right]\)

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\)

Mà: \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\) nên:

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\le\dfrac{97}{36}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}=\dfrac{97}{36}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

Vậy: \(F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{36}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{2}\right]\)

\(=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Vì \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{min}=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Tương tự: \(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(=-4\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

\(=-4\left[x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{8}+\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right]\)

\(=-4\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{64}\right]\)

\(=-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

Vì \(-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Tương tự: \(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(=-3x^2+5x+6\)

\(=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{12}\le\dfrac{97}{12}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{12}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(a,=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-3=-\left(x-1\right)^2-3\le-3\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(b,=-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+4=-\left(x+2\right)^2+4\le4\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

\(c,=-\left(9x^2-24x+16\right)-2=-\left(3x-4\right)^2-2\le-2\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(d,=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+3=-\left(x-2\right)^2+3\le3\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

a) \(A=4x^2-4x+23\)

\(A=4x^2-4x+1+22\)

\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+22\)

Mà: \(\left(2x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+22\ge22\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(2x-1=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x=1\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy: \(A_{min}=22\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

b) \(B=25x^2+y^2+10x-4y+2\)

\(B=25x^2+10x+1+y^2-4y+4-3\)

\(B=\left(5x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-3\)

Mà: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(5x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\left(5x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\forall x,y\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(B_{min}=-3\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)\(A=-x^2+2x+3=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+4=-\left(x-1\right)^2+4\le4\)

\(maxA=4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

b) \(C=12x-4x^2+3=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+12=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+12\le12\)

\(maxC=12\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

`A=x^2-4x+1`
`=x^2-4x+4-3`
`=(x-2)^2-3>=-3`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=2
`B=4x^2+4x+11`
`=4x^2+4x+1+10`
`=(2x+1)^2+10>=10`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-1/2`
`C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)`
`=[(x-1)(x+6)][(x+3)(x+2)]`
`=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)`
`=(x^2+5x)^2-36>=-36`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=0\or\x=-5`
`D=5-8x-x^2`
`=21-16-8x-x^2`
`=21-(x^2+8x+16)`
`=21-(x+4)^2<=21`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-4`
`E=4x-x^2+1`
`=5-4+4-x^2`
`=5-(x^2-4x+4)`
`=5-(x-2)^2<=5`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=5`

A= x² - 4x +1

   = x² - 4x + 4 - 3

   = (x-2)² -3

Ta có (x-2)² ≥ 0 ∀ x

    ⇒ (x-2)² -3 ≥ -3 ∀ x

Vậy A_Min= -3 tại x=2

B= 4x²+4x+11

  = 4x²+4x+1+10

  = (2x+1)²+10

Ta có (2x+1)² ≥ 0 ∀ x

     ⇒ (2x+1)²+10 ≥ 10 ∀ x

Vậy B_Min=10 tại x= \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\)

C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)

  = (x-1)(x+6)(x+3)(x+2)

  = (x²+5x-6) (x²+5x+6)

  = (x²+5x)² -36

Ta có (x²+5x)² ≥ 0 ∀ x
  ⇒ (x²+5x)² -36 ≥ -36 ∀ x

Vậy C_Min=-36 tại x=0 hoặc x= -5

Tính giá trị nhỏ nhất:

\(A=x^2-4x+1=(x^2-4x+4)-3=(x-2)^2-3\)

Vì $(x-2)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $A=(x-2)^2-3\geq 0-3=-3$

Vậy $A_{\min}=-3$

Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$

$B=4x^2+4x+11=(4x^2+4x+1)+10=(2x+1)^2+10\geq 0+10=10$
Vậy $B_{\min}=10$ 

Giá trị này đạt tại $(2x+1)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}$
$C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)$

$=(x-1)(x+6)(x+3)(x+2)$
$=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)$

$=(x^2+5x)^2-36\geq 0-36=-36$

Vậy $C_{\min}=-36$. Giá trị này đạt $x^2+5x=0\Leftrightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=-5$

Tìm giá trị lớn nhất:

$D=5-8x-x^2=21-(x^2+8x+16)=21-(x+4)^2$

Vì $(x+4)^2\geq 0, \forall x\in\mathbb{R}$ nên $D=21-(x+4)^2\leq 21$

Vậy $D_{\max}=21$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x+4)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4$

$E=4x-x^2+1=5-(x^2-4x+4)=5-(x-2)^2\leq 5$

Vậy $E_{\max}=5$. Giá trị này đạt tại $(x-2)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$

\(A=-\left(x^2-4x-3\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4-7\right)=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)

\(A_{max}=7\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Ta có: \(A=-2x^2-5x+3\)

\(=-2\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)

\(=-2\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{25}{16}-\dfrac{49}{16}\right)\)

\(=-2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{8}\)

Ta có: \(\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{49}{8}\le\dfrac{49}{8}\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{4}=0\)

hay \(x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)

Vậy: Giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(A=-2x^2-5x+3\) là \(\dfrac{49}{8}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(A=x^2-4x+20=x^2-4x+4+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+16\)

Do \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+16\ge16\)

\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=16\)

\(B=x^2-3x+7=x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+7=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)

Do \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow Min\left(B\right)=\dfrac{19}{4}\)

\(C=-x^2-10x+70=-\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+25+70=-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\)

Do \(-\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\le95\)

\(\Rightarrow Max\left(C\right)=95\)

\(D=-4x^2+12x+1=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+9+1=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\)

Do \(-\left(2x-3\right)^2\le0\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)

\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=10\)