a/b = c/d

--> a/c = b/d

--> 3a/3c = 4b/4d = (3a-4b)/(3c-4d) 

2a/2c=5b/5d=(2a+5b)/(2c+5d)

--> (3a-4b)/(3c-4d)=(2a+5b)/(2c+5d)

--> (2a+5b)/(3a-4b)=(2c+5d)/(3c-4d)

`a/b=3/5=>a=3/5b`

Thay `a=3/5b` vào `[2a-5b]/[a-3b]` có:

     `[2. 3/5b-5b]/[3/5b-3b]`

`=[6/5b-5b]/[3/5b-3b]`

`=[-19/5b]/[-12/5b]`

`=[-19/5]/[-12/5]=19/12`

\(\dfrac{2a-5b}{a-3b}=\dfrac{2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)-5}{\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)-3}=\dfrac{2.\dfrac{3}{4}-5}{\dfrac{3}{4}-3}=\dfrac{14}{9}\)

a, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

b, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{5b}{5d}=\dfrac{3a}{4c}=\dfrac{4b}{4d}=\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\dfrac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)

c, Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot b}{dk\cdot d}=\dfrac{b^2k}{d^2k}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk-b\right)^2}{\left(dk-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2\left(k-1\right)^2}{d^2\left(k-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Do đó \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)

d, Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot dk}{bd}=k^2\)

\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)

Do đó \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)

Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)

\(a.\dfrac{12}{3}=\dfrac{20}{5}=4\\ b.\dfrac{9}{-3}=\dfrac{-15}{5}=-3\)

a, Xét \(\dfrac{x}{3}=4\Rightarrow x=12;\dfrac{20}{y}=4\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{20}{4}=5\)

b, \(\dfrac{9}{-x}=-3\Rightarrow-x=-3\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

\(\dfrac{y}{5}=-3\Rightarrow y=-15\)

Đặt: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=t\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bt\\c=dt\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2bt+5b}{3bt-4b}=\dfrac{b\left(2t+5\right)}{b\left(3t-4\right)}=\dfrac{2t+5}{3t-4}\\\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\dfrac{2dt+5d}{3dt-4d}=\dfrac{d\left(2t+5\right)}{d\left(3t-4\right)}=\dfrac{2t+5}{3t-4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrowđpcm\)