a, PT: \(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[MnO_2]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{73,5}{122,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,9.22,4=20,16\left(l\right)\)

b, PT: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}< \dfrac{0,9}{1}\), ta được O₂ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

\(a/n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,52}{56}=0,045mol\\ 3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,045.2}{3}=0,03mol\\ V_{O_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672l\\ b/2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,03.2}{3}=0,02mol\\ m_{KClO_3}=0,02.122,5=2,45g\)

Bài 1:

a) PTHH: CH₄ + 2O₂ ---t^o→ CO₂ + 2H₂O

    Mol:        1         2

\(V_{O_2}=2.22,4=44,8\left(l\right)\)

b)

 PTHH: 2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ ---t^o→ 8CO₂ + 10H₂O

    Mol:       1            6,5

\(V_{O_2}=6,5.22,4=145,6\left(l\right)\)

Bài 2:

PTHH: 2KClO₃  ---t^o (MnO₂)→ 2KCl + 3O₂

Mol:         1                                                     1,5

PTHH: 2KMnO₄ ---t^o→ K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

Mol:         1                                                             0,5

⇒ KClO₃ thu đc thể tích khí O₂ lớn hơn (do 1,5 > 0,5)

a) nKMnO4=0,01(mol)

PTHH: 2 KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

0,01______________0,005_____0,005___0,005(mol)

V(O2,đktc)=0,005.22,4=0,112(l)

b) PTHH: 2 Cu + O2 -to-> 2 CuO

nCu=0,1(mol); nO2=0,005(mol)

Ta có: 0,1/2 > 0,005/1

=> Cu dư, O2 hết, tính theo nO2.

nCu(p.ứ)=2.0,005=0,01(mol)

=> nCu(dư)=0,1-0,01=0,09(mol)

=>mCu(dư)=0,09.64=5,76(g)

a, PT: \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{7,1}{142}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_P=2n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_P=0,1.31=3,1\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{2}n_{P_2O_5}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)

c, Có: \(V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=2,8.15\%=0,42\left(l\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=2,8+0,42=3,22\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24.5}{122.5}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^0}2KCl+3O_2\)

\(0.2.............0.2.........0.3\)

\(m_{KCl}=0.2\cdot74.5=14.9\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{O_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{_{ }O_2}=\dfrac{33.6}{22.4}=1.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=1.5\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}=1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{KClO_3}=122.5\left(g\right)\)

a) \(2KClO_3 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2KCl + 3O_2\)

b) \(n_{KCl} = n_{KClO_3} = \dfrac{24,5}{122,5} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KCl} = 0,2.74,5 = 14,9(gam)\)

c)

\(n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3} = 0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)\)

d)

\(n_{KClO_3} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2} = \dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{33,6}{22,4} = 1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KClO_3} = 1.122,5 = 122,5(gam)\)

2KMnO₄ --t^o--> MnO₂ + O₂ + K₂MnO₄

0,6 <------------------------- 0,3                          (mol)

a) nO2 = V/22,4 = 6,12/22,4 ≃ 0,3 (mol)

=> mKMnO4 = n . M = 0,6 . 158 = 94,8 ( g)

b) *PT (a) thu được khí O₂

3O₂ + 4Al --to--> 2Al₂O₃

0,3 -> 0,4                                (mol)

m_O2 = 0,3 . 32 = 9,6 (g)

m_Al = 0,4 . 27 = 10,8 (g)

Khối lượng chất rắn cần tìm:

m_Al2O3 = m_O2 + m_Al = 9,6 + 10,8 = 20,4 (g)

\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{29.4}{122.5}=0.24\left(mol\right)\)

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2KCl+3O_2\)

\(0.24.....................0.36\)

KClO₃ : Kali clorat

KCl : Kali clorua

\(V_{O_2}=0.36\cdot22.4=8.064\left(l\right)\)

\(b.\)

\(n_P=\dfrac{6.2}{31}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2P_2O_5\)

Lập tỉ lệ : 

\(\dfrac{0.2}{4}< \dfrac{0.36}{5}\) => O₂ dư

\(n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0.36-0.2\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}=0.11\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{O_2}=0.11\cdot32=3.52\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{P_2O_5}=0.1\cdot142=14.2\left(g\right)\)

Chúc em học tốt nhé !