\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{99,4}{142}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)

0,7        2,1           1,4 

a, \(m_{H_3PO_4}=1,4.98=137,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddH_3PO_4}=99,4+500=599,4\left(g\right)\)

Kl nước trong dd A :

\(m_{H_2O}=599,4-137,2=462,2\left(g\right)\)

\(b,C\%_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{137,2}{599,4}.100\%\approx22,89\%\)

\(c,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{1,4}{0,5}=2,8M\)

a)

$Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O$

b)

n HCl = 0,4.1,5 = 0,6(mol)

n Al2O3 = 1/6 n HCl = 0,1(mol) => m = 0,1.102 = 10,2(gam)

n AlCl3 = 1/3 n HCl = 0,2(mol) => CM AlCl3 = 0,2/0,4 = 0,5M

nHCl = 0.4*1.5 = 0.6 (mol) 

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

nAlCl3 = 0.6*2/6 = 0.2 (mol) 

mAlCl3 = 0.2*133.5 = 26.7 (g) 

CM AlCl3 = 0.2/0.4 = 0.5 (M) 

\(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{1,88}{94}=0,02(mol)\\ a,K_2O+H_2O\to 2KOH\\ b,n_{KOH}=0,04(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,5}=0,08M\\ c,n_{KOH}=0,04.50\%=0,02(mol)\\ KOH+HCl\to KCl+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,02.36,5}{7,3\%}=10(g)\)

Bổ sung: \(D_{HCl}=1,18\left(g/ml\right)\)

a) PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100\cdot1,18\cdot20\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{236}{365}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{236}{365}}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, MgO p/ứ hết

\(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

\(a,2NaOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\\ n_{NaOH}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{Na_2SO_4}\\ m_{kt}=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=58.0,25=14,5\left(g\right)\\ c,V_{ddX}=V_{ddNaOH}+V_{ddMgSO_4}=0,5+0,5=1\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{1}=0,25\left(M\right)\)

Đáp án B

Dung dịch X tạo kết tủa với CaCl₂ sau phản ứng trong dung dịch còn muối Cl^-

→ Dung dịch X chứa muối PO₄^3- và HPO₄^2-;đặt số mol mỗi muối là x mol.

PTHH: H₃PO₄ + 3OH^- → PO₄^3-+ 3H₂O. và H₃PO₄ + 2OH^- → HPO₄^2- + 2H₂O.

⇒ Ta có: 5x = 0,5 mol → x = 0,1 mol →∑n_P= 0,2 mol.

Bảo toàn P tính được n_P2O₅ = 0,1 mol → m = 14,2 gam

\(Na+H_2O->NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\\ a.n_{Na}=\dfrac{m_1}{23}\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=\dfrac{m_1}{23}+m_2-\dfrac{m_1}{46}=\dfrac{m_1}{46}+m_2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_B=\dfrac{\dfrac{40}{23}m_1}{\dfrac{m_1}{46}+m_2}\cdot100\%.\\ b.C_M=\dfrac{10dC\%}{M}=10\cdot1,2\cdot\dfrac{0,05}{40}=0,015\left(M\right)\)

\(Na+H_2O->NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\\ a.n_{Na}=\dfrac{m_1}{23}\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_1+m_2-\dfrac{m_1}{23}=\dfrac{22}{23}m_1+m_2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_B=\dfrac{\dfrac{40}{23}m_1}{\dfrac{22}{23}m_1+m_2}\cdot100\%.\\ b.C_M=\dfrac{10dC\%}{M}=10\cdot1,2\cdot\dfrac{0,05}{40}=0,015\left(M\right)\)