a) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.5\%}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl₂ + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\) => CuO hết, HCl dư

=> dd sau phản ứng chứa CuCl₂, HCl dư

b) 

PTHH: CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl₂ + H₂O

           0,05-->0,1------>0,05

m_{dd sau pư} = 4 + 146 = 150 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.135}{150}.100\%=4,5\%\\C\%_{HCldư}=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,1\right).36,5}{150}.100\%=2,433\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

PTHH: NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H₂O

            CuCl₂ + 2NaOH --> 2NaCl + Cu(OH)₂

             0,05--------------------------->0,05

             Cu(OH)₂ --t^o--> CuO + H₂O

               0,05----------->0,05

=> \(a=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)

=> \(b=m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)

Bài 14 : 

\(a) n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol)\\ CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ n_{HCl} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%} = 100(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } CuCl_2\\ n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{CuCl_2} = 0,1.135 = 13,5(gam)\)

Bài 15 : 

\(a) n_{Fe_2O_3} =\dfrac{4,8}{160} = 0,03(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4} = 3n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,09(mol)\\ m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,09.98}{9,8\%} = 90(gam)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } Fe_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,03(mol)\\ m_{Fe_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,03.400 = 12(gam)\)

Bài 16 :

\(a) Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{11,2}{56} = 0,2(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)\\ b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{Fe} = 0,4(mol)\\ C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,4.36,5}{200}.100\% = 7,3\%\)

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{10}{80}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,25}{3}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{CuCl_2}=n_{CuO}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,125}{\dfrac{1}{12}}=1,5M\)

2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2

 0,185-----------0,185---0,2775 mol

n Al=\(\dfrac{5}{27}\)=0,185 mol

m HCl=21,9=>n HCl=0,6 mol

=>Al td hết , HCl dư

=>C% AlCl3=\(\dfrac{0,185.133,5}{5+150-0,2775.2}\).100=15,99%

=>C% HCl dư=\(\dfrac{0,045.36,5}{5+150-0,2775.2}\).100=1%

- Chất rắn không tan là Cu

CuO + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) CuCl₂ + H₂O

m_Cu = 9,6 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\) m_CuO = 17,6 - 9,6 = 8 (g)

a) \(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: MgCO₃ + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

            0,2--------------------->0,2----->0,2

=> \(m=m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{\text{dd}.sau.p\text{ư}}=150+16,8-0,2.44=158\left(g\right)\)

=> \(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{158}.100\%=12,025\%\)

b) CO₂ + Ca(OH)₂ ---> CaCO₃ + H₂O

     0,2----->0,2------------>0,2

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{kt}=m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\\V_{\text{dd}Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

1.

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95.75}{100}=8,2125\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,2125}{35,5}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}n_{HCl}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{0,075.162,5}{0,0375.160+75}.100\%=15,05\%\)

2.

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

Dễ thấy HCl dư.

\(\Rightarrow n_{AlCl_3}=2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=26,7\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{10,2+200}.100\%=12,7\%\)

Đáp án A