C1: 

nO2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: 2KMnO4 -> (t°) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

nKMnO4 = 0,2 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)

mKMnO4 = 0,4 . 158 = 63,2 (g)

C2:

nP = 6,2/31 = 0,2 (mol)

nO2 = 6,4/32 = 0,2 (mol)

PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5

LTL: 0,2/4 > 0,2/5 => P dư

nP2O5 = 0,2/5 . 2 = 0,08 (mol)

mP2O5 = 0,08 . 142 = 11,36 (g)

nKMnO4 = 15,8/158 = 0,1 (mol)

PTHH: 2KMnO4 -> (t°) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

nO2 = 0,1/2 = 0,05 (mol)

mO2 = 0,05 . 32 = 1,6 (g)

\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{m_{KMnO_4}}{M_{KMnO_4}}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1mol\)

\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

  0,1                                                       0,05 ( mol )

\(m_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.M_{O_2}=0,05.32=1,6g\)

\(pthh:2KMnO_4\overset{t^o}{--->}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)

\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo pt: \(n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,05.32=1,6\left(g\right)\)

\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(tăng\right)}=\dfrac{98}{80}m=\dfrac{49}{40}m=1,225m\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(dd.14,7\%\right)}=14,7.200=29,4\left(g\right)\\ Ta.có:C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(cuối\right)}=20\%\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{29,4+1,225m}{m+200}.100\%=20\%\\ m\approx10,3415\left(g\right)\)

A tác dụng với NaHCO₃ cho khí CO2 → A: axit CH₃COOH

BTKL: m + m_O2 = m_CO2 + m_H2O => m = 1,8

=> n_CH3COOH = 0,03

CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH → CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O

0,03                 0,02                 0,0125

=> H = 62,5%

\(\begin{array} {l} a)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\to ZnSO_4+H_2\\ b)\\ n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,5}{65}=0,5(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.39,2\%}{98}=0,4(mol)\\ \text{Vì }n_{H_2SO_4}<n_{Zn}\to Zn\text{ dư}\\ \text{Theo PT: }n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4(mol)\\ \to V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)\\ c)\\ \text{Theo PT: }n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4(mol)\\ \to m=m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4.161=64,4(g) \end{array}\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{32,6}{65}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.39,2\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,4}{1}\)
=>Zn dư 
\(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)  
\(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=0,4.161=64,4\left(g\right)\)

 

Nhiệt phân hoàn toàn 31,6 gam KMnO4 để điều chế oxi. Thể tích khí O2 thu được ở đktc là:

(K = 39; Mn = 55; O = 16)

 A.
8,96 lít

 B.
4,48 lít

 C.
1,12 lít

 D.
2,24 lít

D

Tham khảo:

= 31,6/158 = 0,2 (mol)

⇒ V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (lít)

a) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2KMnO₄ --t^o--> K₂MnO₄ + MnO₂ + O₂

                 1<-----------------------------0,5

=> \(m_{KMnO_4}=1.158=158\left(g\right)\)

b) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{80}{160}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ --t^o--> 2Fe + 3H₂O

              0,5--->1,5

=> \(V_{H_2}=1,5.22,4=33,6\left(l\right)\)

c) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\) => CuO dư, H₂ hết

PTHH: CuO + H₂ --t^o--> Cu + H₂O

            0,05<-0,05---->0,05-->0,05

=> \(n_{Cu\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

m_Cu = 0,05.64 = 3,2 (g)

V_H2O = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)

a)\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)

   \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

    1                                                   0,5

   \(M_{KMnO_4}=1\cdot158=158g\)

b)\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{80}{160}=0,5mol\)

   \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\)

   0,5          1,5

   \(V_{H_2}=1,15\cdot22,4=25,76l\)