1) Có \(u_{n+1}-u_n=\dfrac{1}{2}u^2_n-2u_n+2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(u_n-2\right)^2\) (1)

+) CM \(u_n>2\) (n thuộc N*)

n=1 : u₁= 5/2 > 2 (đúng)

Giả sử n=k, u_k > 2 (k thuộc N*)

Ta cần CM n = k + 1. Thật vậy ta có:

\(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}u^2_k-u_k+2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(u_k-2\right)^2+u_k\) (đúng)

Vậy u_n > 2 (n thuộc N*)        (2)

Từ (1) (2) => u_n+1 - u_n > 0, hay u_n+1 > u_n

=> (u_n) là dãy tăng => \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}u_n=+\infty\)

2) \(2u_{n+1}=u^2_n-2u_n+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2u_{n+1}-4=u^2_n-2u_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(u_{n+1}-2\right)=u_n\left(u_n-2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}=\dfrac{2}{u_n\left(u_n-2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{u_n-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_n}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_n}=\dfrac{1}{u_n-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{u_1}+\dfrac{1}{u_2}+...+\dfrac{1}{u_n}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{u_1-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_2-2}+\dfrac{1}{u_2-2}+...-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{u_1-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)

\(=2-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}S=2\)

Ta có :

\(u_n=\frac{n^2+n-2}{n^2+3n}u_{n-1}=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+3\right)}u_{n-1}\)

\(=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+3\right)}.\frac{\left(n-2\right)\left(n+1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}u_{n-2}\)

\(=....=\frac{1.4}{n\left(n+3\right)}u_2=\frac{1}{n\left(n+3\right)}\)

S= u₁.u₁ + u₂.u₂+...+u_n.u_n 

S = u₁.(u₂ - d) + u₂.(u₃ - d)+...+u_n(u_n+1 - d)

S = u₁.u₂ + u₂.u₃ +...+u_n.u_n+1-d(u₁+u₂+...+u_n)

Đặt A = u₂.u₃ + u₃.u₄+...+u_n.u_n+1

3d.A = u₂.u₃.(u₄-u₁) + u₃.u₄.(u₅-u₂)+...+u_n.u_n+1.(u_n+2-u_n-1) 

3d.A = u₂.u₃.u₄ - u₁.u₂.u₃ + u₃.u₄.u₅ - u₂.u₃.u₄+...+u_n.u_n+1.u_n+2 - u_n-1.u_n.u_n+1

3d.A = u_n.u_n+1.u_n+2 - u₁.u₂.u₃

3d.A = (u₁ + d.n - d)(u₁ + d.n)(u₁ + d.n + d) - u₁.(u₁+d).(u₁+2.d) 

A = [(u₁ + d.n - d)(u₁ + d.n)(u₁ + d.n + d) - u₁.(u₁+d).(u₁+2.d)]/(3.d) 

S = A + u₁.(u₁ + d) + d[2.u₁+(n-1).d].n/2 

\(\dfrac{u_{n+1}}{n+1}=3.\dfrac{u_n}{n}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{u_n}{n}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{1}{3}\\v_{n+1}=3v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{3}.3^{n-1}=3^{n-2}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=3^{-1}+3^0+...+3^8=...\)

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}{u_2} = \frac{{{u_1}}}{{1 + {u_1}}} = \frac{1}{{1 + 1}} = \frac{1}{2}\\{u_3} = \frac{{{u_2}}}{{1 + {u_2}}} = \frac{{\frac{1}{2}}}{{1 + \frac{1}{2}}} = \frac{1}{3}\end{array}\)

Suy ra, \({u_n} = \frac{1}{n}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\\frac{u_n}{n}=\frac{u_{n-1}}{n-1}+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(v_n=\frac{u_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_n=v_{n-1}+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSC với công sai \(d=1\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=1+\left(n-1\right).1=n\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{u_n}{n}=n\Rightarrow u_n=n^2\)

Câu b có vẻ đề sai, số hạng cuối không thể là \(u_n\) mà phải là 1 số hữu hạn ví dụ \(u_{2016}\) gì đó

Hoặc nếu nó là \(u_n\) thì đề sẽ là "tìm n lớn nhất sao cho..."

Dù sao từ tổng: \(\sum u_n=\sum n^2=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\) có thể dễ dàng giải được khi đề bài chính xác

\(a,u_1+u_n=u_1+\left[u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]=u_1+u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=\left[u_1+d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-2\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_k+u_{n-k+1}=\left[u_1+\left(k-1\right)d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-k+1-1\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)

\(b,u_1+u_n=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_n+u_1=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)

Cộng vế với vế, ta được:

\(2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left(u_1+u_n\right)\)