Giả sử KL có hóa trị n.

PT: \(2M+2nHCl\rightarrow2MCl_n+nH_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_M=\dfrac{2}{n}nH_2=\dfrac{0,4}{n}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{4,8}{\dfrac{0,4}{n}}=12n\left(g/mol\right)\)

Với n = 2 thì M_M = 24 (g/mol) là tm

Vậy: M là Mg.

Ta có: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)

1a) 

nH2 = 2.688/22.4 = 0.12 (mol) 

M + 2HCl => MCl2 + H2 

0.12..............0.12......0.12

M_M = 4.8/0.12 = 40 

=> M là : Ca 

mCaCl2 = 0.12 * 111 = 13.32 (g) 

1b)

nMg = 2.4/24 = 0.1 (mol) 

Mg + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2

0.1....................0.1.........0.1

VH2 = 0.1*22.4 = 2.24 (l) 

mMgCl2 = 0.1*95 = 9.5 (g) 

1b)

nMg=0,2(mol)

PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

nH2=nMgCl2=nMg=0,2(mol)

=> nHCl=2.0,2=0,4(mol)

=> V=V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)

mMgCl2=95. 0,2=19(g)

Bài 24:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

Theo pthh: n_A = n_H2 = 0,15 (mol)

=> M_A = \(\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

=> A là Mg

Bài 25:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Mol:0,3\leftarrow0,9\leftarrow0,3\leftarrow0,45\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}M_A=\dfrac{8,1}{0,3}=27\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\Rightarrow A:Al\\m_{HCl}=0,9.36,5=32,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 24.

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)

\(n_A=\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}\) mol

\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\)

0,15                           0,15   ( mol )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{M_A}=0,15mol\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=24\) ( g/mol )

=> A là Magie ( Mg )

Bài 25.

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)

\(n_A=\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}\) mol

\(2A+6HCl\rightarrow2ACl_3+3H_2\)

0,3                                0,45  ( mol )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8,1}{M_A}=0,3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M_A=27\) g/mol

=> A là nhôm ( Al )

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,2mol\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\\ m_{Cu}=25-11,2=13,8g\\ b,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{25}\cdot100=44,8\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-44,8=55,2\%\)
c, Gọi CTHH của sắt là \(Fe_xO_y\)

\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}xFe+yH_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe_xO_y}=n_{H_2}:y\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{11,6}{56x+16y}=\dfrac{0,2}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y=11,2x+3,2y\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y-3,2y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow8,4y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{8,4}{11,2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x=3;y=4\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_3O_4\)