b) \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+9x+20}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+11x+30}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+13x+42}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2+4x+5x+20}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+5x+6x+30}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+6x+7x+42}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+4\right)+5\left(x+4\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+5\right)+6\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+6\right)+7\left(x+6\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+7}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}-\dfrac{x+4}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)=54\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x+28-54=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+13x-26=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)+13\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+13\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) x - 2 = 0 hoặc x + 13 = 0

\(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 2 hoặc x = -13

Vậy x = 2 hoặc x = -13.

$ĐKXĐ:x \neq -4;-5;-6;-7$

$pt⇔\dfrac{1}{x^2+4x+5x+20}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+5x+6x+30}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+6x+7x+42}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

$⇔\dfrac{1}{(x+4)(x+5)}+\dfrac{1}{(x+5)(x+6)}+\dfrac{1}{(x+6)(x+7)}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

$⇔\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

$⇔\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

$⇔\dfrac{3}{(x+4)(x+7)}=\dfrac{1}{18}$

$⇔x^2+11x+28=54$

$⇔x^2+11x-26=0$

$⇔x^2-2x+13x-26=0$

$⇔(x-2)(x+13)=0$

$⇔$ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)(t/m)

Vậy phương trình đã cho có tập nghiệm $S=(2;-13)$

Ta có: 

\(x^2+9x+2x=\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)\)

\(x^2+11x+30=\left(x+6\right)\left(x+5\right)\)

\(x^2+13x+42=\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)\)

ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-4\\x\ne-5\\x\ne-6\\x\ne-7\end{matrix}\right.\)

pt \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{18\left(x+7\right)}{18\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}-\dfrac{18\left(x+4\right)}{18\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}{18\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow18\left(x+7\right)-18\left(x+4\right)=\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+13\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+13=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-13\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)  (tm)

a: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{2x}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-x}{2\left(x-3\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-3\right)-4x=-x\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x-4x+x^2+x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-6x=0\)

=>2x(x-3)=0

=>x=0(nhận) hoặc x=3(loại)

b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+7-x-4}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x+28=54\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x-26=0\)

\(\text{Δ}=11^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-26\right)=121+104=225>0\)

Do đó: Phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{-11-15}{2}=\dfrac{-26}{2}=-13\\x_2=\dfrac{-11+15}{2}=\dfrac{4}{2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2-5x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x^2-7x+12}+\dfrac{1}{x^2-9x+20}+\dfrac{1}{x^2-11x+30}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x-6\right)}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x-2}-\dfrac{1}{x-3}+\dfrac{1}{x-3}-\dfrac{1}{x-4}+\dfrac{1}{x-4}-\dfrac{1}{x-5}+\dfrac{1}{x-5}-\dfrac{1}{x-6}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x-2}-\dfrac{1}{x-6}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-6-x+2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-6\right)}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-6\right)}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow32=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-6\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow32=x^2-8x+12\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+8x-20=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-10\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=10\end{matrix}\right.\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne-4;-5;-6;-7\)

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x-26=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+13\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+9x+20}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+11x+30}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+13x+42}=\dfrac{1}{18}\) ĐKXĐ:x\(\ne\)-4,-5,-6,-7

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+4x+5x+20}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+5x+6x+30}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+6x+7x+42}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{x.\left(x+4\right)+5.\left(x+4\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x.\left(x+5\right)+6.\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x.\left(x+6\right)+7.\left(x+6\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right).\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right).\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right).\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{x+7-x-4}{\left(x+4\right).\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{3}{\left(x+4\right).\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{3}{54}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)(x+4).(x+7)=54

\(\Leftrightarrow\)x²+11x+28=54

\(\Leftrightarrow\)x²+11x-26=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\)x²+13x-2x-26=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\)x.(x+13)-2.(x+13)=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\)(x-2).(x+13)=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+13=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(TM\right)\\x=-13\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy tập nghiệm của pt trên là S={-13;2}

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne-4;x\ne-5;x\ne-6;x\ne-7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow54=x^2+11x+28\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x-26=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+13\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+13=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(TM\right)\\x=-13\left(TM\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne-4;-5;-6;-7\)

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+6\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+6\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+5}+\dfrac{1}{x+5}-\dfrac{1}{x+6}+\dfrac{1}{x+6}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x+7}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x+7\right)}=\dfrac{1}{18}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow54=x^2+11x+28\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+11x-26=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+13\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)