Large cities often have problems that small towns and rural areas do not have. Two of the biggest problems are heavy traffic and the pollution that cars create. Of course. Traffic problems and pollution are not only found in big cities. However, the higher populations and larger number of cars on the roads in cities can make the problems happen more often and with more noticeable effects.

One of the most common traffic problems the large cities have is congestion. As the population of a city increases, so does the number of cars on the road. Cities cannot always improve the number

and size of their roads and highways to keep up with the number of cars. The result is traffic congestion, or trafficjams.

When traffic jams happen, cars that are stuck in the congestion continue to run their engines. This creates pollution and is a big problems. Pollution causes health problems for the people in citiesand also hurts the environment.

c. Careless drivers​d. Less traffic signs on the streets

c. environmental pollution​d. the population

a. full​b. aware​c. incapable​d. uncertain

Read the passage and answer the questions below:

Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Wastes of motor vehicles, factories and other sources create so much air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the people who live in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways. These wastes kill fish and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have difficulties in disposing of their garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it are quickly filling up. Citizens, governments, industries, scientists, and business people must work together in different ways to gradually reduce pollution. For example, most cities have introduced recycling programmes.

1. What can be created from wastes of motor vehicles, factories and other sources ?

.......…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Can air pollution influence badly on people who live around it ?

.......…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. When do city wastes pollute water ?

.......…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Why is it difficult to have places for putting garbage ?

.......…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. What must all people do to reduce pollution ?

....………………………………………………………………………………………………………

II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences

1. Air __________ is causing many environmental problems in our cities today.

A. pollute               B. pollution            C. polluting            D. polluted

2. If you can speak English, you __________ able to go to Canada.

A. will be               B. will                    C. were                  D. are

3.The road in front of my office is always __________ when it rains heavily.

A. to flood             B. flooding            C. flood                 D. flooded

4. Singapore is famous for its __________ and green trees.

A. cleanliness         B. cleanly               C. cleaning             D. clean

5. After I __________ in the room, she left.

A. come                 B. had come           C. came                  D. will come

6. This is one of the worst volcanic __________ in this year.

A. eruption            B. erupt                  C. erupting             D. eruptive

7. The roof of the building __________ in a storm a few days ago.

A. damaged           B. was damaged     C. has damaged     D. has been damaged

8. In some English speaking countries, turkey is __________food at Christmas.

A. national             B. historical           C. traditional          D. possible

9. People use ________to ease the victim’s pain and anxiety.

A. first-aid             B. a weelchair        C. an ambulance    D. an eye chart

10. I like books _________ in the USA.

A. to print              B. printing             C. printed               D. print

11. Ha Long Bay is recognized ________ UNESCO as the world Heritage site.

A. for                     B. by                      C. in                       D. of

12. The teachers show me how to ________ the environment.

A. protect               B. write                  C. make                 D. recycle

13. That motorbikes ________ in Japan in 2012.

A. is made             B. was made          C. made                 D. were made

14. Vietnam is a ________ country.

A. rice-exporting   B. rice exported     C. exports rice       D. exporting- rice

15. The woman ________ by the window is my aunt.

A. is sitting            B. sitting                C. sat                     D. sits

16. Would you mind ________ the door? – No, of course not.

A. closing              B. close                  C. to close              D. to closing

17. It’s _________ to climb up that big tall tree.

A. danger               B. dangerous         C. endanger           D. dangerously

18. I am sure ________ he will pass the exam.

A. what                  B. this                    C. where                D. that
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II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences

1. Air __________ is causing many environmental problems in our cities today.

A. pollute     B. pollution             C. polluting             D. polluted

2. If you can speak English, you __________ able to go to Canada.

A. will be      B. will          C. were                   D. are

3.The road in front of my office is always __________ when it rains heavily.

A. to flood              B. flooding              C. flood                  D. flooded

4. Singapore is famous for its __________ and green trees.

A. cleanliness                   B. cleanly               C. cleaning             D. clean

5. After I __________ in the room, she left.

A. come        B. had come  C. came                  D. will come

6. This is one of the worst volcanic __________ in this year.

A. eruption             B. erupt                  C. erupting              D. eruptive

7. The roof of the building __________ in a storm a few days ago.

A. damaged            B. was damaged                C. has damaged                 D. has been damaged

8. In some English speaking countries, turkey is __________food at Christmas.

A. national              B. historical            C. traditional           D. possible

VII. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) that fits the blank in the following passage. (2.0 points)

The quality of the air we (1) ___________ is important because it affects our health and the length of our lives. Air pollution is a big problem in many of our cities and a lot of this is caused by motor vehicles. There are six main pollutants in the (2)___________ and four of these are produced in large quantities by motor engines. The gases that are (3)___________ into the air are affected by  sunlight and turned into ozone at ground level. Unlike the ozone that is high in the atmosphere and protects us from radiation. The ozone on the ground is a health (4)___________.

         Many countries have (5)___________the level of lead pollution by banning the use of metal in (6)___________. In other countries, its use is very strictly controlled. We have to (7)___________or get rid of the three other harmful gases produced by the 630 million vehicles worldwide- a(n) (8)___________that is likely to double in the next twenty to thirty years.

             Concern about the environment has led to the invention of a device known as “the three way catalytic converter”, so-called because of the three poisonous gases it (9)___________ to produce. More efficient engines reduce the formation of these gases and the converter reduces them still further. Harmful gases in engine exhausts are burned up by passing them over a metal catalyst which (10)___________ up the reaction. The catalyst is rather expensive, but what price do we put on good health?

1. A. inhale                     B. breathe             C. breath                        D. respire

2. A. environment           B. surroundings    C. ozone                         D. atmosphere

3. A. unconfined             B. delivered          C. liberated                    D. released

4. A. peril                       B. risk                            C. exposure                    D. danger

5. A. hacked                   B. chopped           C. cut                             D. sliced

6. A. petrol                     B. coal                            C. grease                        D. energy

7. A. reduce                    B. shrink               C. condense                    D. ease

8. A. form                       B. shape               C. figure                         D. amount

9. A. assists                    B. facilitates          C. aids                                     D. helps

10. A. speeds                  B. rates                 C. paces                         D. accelerates

Read the conversation again and match the two halves in the two columns​.

Club leader: Hello. Welcome back. Today we’re discussing environmental problems and environmental protection. What are our serious environmental problems now?

Nam: Pollution and habitat loss, I think.

Ann: I agree. The air and water quality are getting worse and worse.

Club leader: Any others?

Ann: Yes, I can think of some like global warming, endangered species loss, …

Nam: So what should we do to help protect our environment?

Club leader: We can reduce our carbon footprint even in our homes.

Ann: What do you mean by “carbon footprint”?

Club leader: It’s the amount of carbon dioxide we release into the environment.

Ann: I see. So we can do things like turning off devices when we’re not using them.

Club leader: Right … And there is much more we can do, like practising the 3Rs.

Nam: We can plant more trees in our neighbourhood too.

Ann: And try to avoid using single-use products, like plastic bags, and stop littering.

Club leader: Yeah. And we can volunteer at some local environment programmes to save endangered species.

2. Read the text and choose the best tittle for it.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn tiêu đề hay nhất.)

a. Environmental problems: What are they?

b. Environmental protection: How important is it?

c. Environmental solutions: How practical are they?

The environment we live in is facing many serious problems. We need to be aware of these problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

A. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It is one of the biggest issues facing humans today. It can have serious consequences such as rising sea levels, polar ice melting, and extreme weather events like floods or heatwaves.

B. Another environmental problem is the cutting and clearing of natural forests. The loss of forests can have a negative impact on the environment. It can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife in danger. It can also destroy the natural soil and lead to climate change.

C. Air pollution is also a serious problem. It is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines, or factories. When these harmful gases combine with the water in the air, they come down as rain or snow, which can damage all forms of life. In addition, this problem leads to global warming and climate change. It is also a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.

D. Around the world, the number of endangered animals is rising. Many of them disappear because of pollution and climate change. In addition, humans illegally hunt and kill animals, and catch too many fish at once. This is upsetting the natural balance of ecosystems, which can be harmful to all living and non-living things.

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III. Read the following passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete it.

Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution problem is (1)________complicated as it is serious. It is complicated (2)________much pollution is caused by things that benefit people. (3)________, exhaust from automobile causes a large percentage of air pollution. But the automobile (4)_________ transportation for millions of people. Factories discharge much (5)________ the material that pollutes air and water, but factories give employment to a large number of people. Thus, to end (6)________ greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to (7)________using many things that benefit them. Most people do not want to do that, of course. But pollution can be (8)________reduced in several ways. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the (9)________of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that (10)________ businesses and traffic to stop, or cut down on certain polluting activities. 

1.   A. as B. more C. less D. like

2.   A. so B. while C. though D. because

3.   A. Specific B. For example C. Such as D. Like

4.   A. takes B. affords C. carries D. provides 

5.   A. about B. for C. of D. with

6.   A. or B. and C. as well D. then

7.   A. start B. continue C. stop D. go on

8.   A. carefully B. unexpectedly C. gradually D. little

9.   A. way B. figure C. number D. amount

10. A. forbid B. prevent C. make D. require